Virtual trip to Luanda - the capital of Angola. Virtual trip to Luanda - the capital of Angola Which country is the capital of Luanda

Luanda was founded over four hundred years ago. Initially, it had the name "Sao Paulo de Luanda", under which it existed for exactly 400 years. Luanda, on the other hand, began to be called the capital of Angola only in 1975.

At the beginning of the 17th century, the settlement, founded by the Portuguese colonialist, acquired the status of a city, and at the end of the same century it began to be used as a base for the colonial administration.

More than 2.5 million blacks were taken out of the country through this African city between the 17th and 19th centuries.

In the last century, Luanda's role in the country's social life has changed dramatically. It became the center in which the main forces of the local population were located, which began an active struggle for independence from Portugal.

After Angola received the status of an independent state, Luanda became its capital.

In the late 1970s, South Africa came under attack from Luanda, prompted by the latter's desire to prevent the spread of communist influence in the region. A peace agreement was signed in 1991, but some political tensions are still felt.

Several years ago, the city was named the most expensive capital in the world.

It should be noted that representatives of various countries and cultures can be found in Luanda. It is inhabited not only by numerous African peoples, descendants of the Portuguese colonialists, but also by Europeans.

The languages ​​used by the inhabitants of the city are quite diverse. Here you can hear not only speech in the officially adopted (Portuguese) language, but also the Bantu languages ​​and, thanks to the many workers and tourists from Europe, many European languages.

The main industries in the capital of Angola are oil refining, textiles and food.

The tourism business sector in Luanda is well developed. Here you can choose not only a relaxing vacation in the form of a sightseeing tour by land or water transport or a visit to the island of Mussulo with its beautiful beaches and the opportunity to retire, but also take a walk in the parks of the capital on your own. There is a national park and an old fort not far from the city. Coffee plantations near Luanda are also noteworthy. Sports fans are advised to attend matches with the participation of the local basketball team, if possible.

Climate and weather

Luanda has a tropical climate. During the year, an average of about 410 millimeters of precipitation falls here, and their maximum amount falls on February. Maximum annual temperature ( +30 ° C) is observed in March, and the minimum ( +16 ° C) falls on July.

Those who love to bask in the sun are better off planning their vacation in Luanda in the first half of the year. Those wishing to explore the capital of this African country, without interrupting a visit to the beach and without risking sunstroke or sunburn, should visit in July or August.

Nature

Not far from the Angolan capital, there are both grassy and shrub savannas. In addition, numerous palm groves can be seen here.

The fauna is quite diverse: elephants, monkeys, lions, antelopes, zebras and leopards coexist with each other. However, in recent years, the number of representatives of the animal world has significantly decreased, which is caused by the more frequent attacks of poachers here.

Turtles, some species of fish, and mollusks live along the coastline. If you are traveling by boat at sufficient depth, then you have a real chance to see a real whale.

sights

The first thing that a traveler who first came to Luanda notices is its varied architecture. Of particular interest to tourists are colonial-style buildings built using clay, wood and stone. On many of them you can see elements of the original African culture, represented by ornaments, images of animals, African masks. Striking examples of the colonial style are fortress San Miguel as well as the university building.

In the central part of the capital there are Jesuit Church built in the 16th century, Temple of the Carmelites, built around the middle of the 17th century, and Church of the Madonna of Nazareth dating back to the second half of the 17th century. Many tourists are eager to take a look at the former residence of the Portuguese governor.

As you walk around Luanda, notice the mosaics that can be seen on the sidewalks in many parts of the city.

About 70 kilometers from Luanda there is a national park where you can meet rare species of animals and flora.

In Luanda itself, you can stroll through the numerous city parks.

Nutrition

Angolan cuisine is a fusion of African and Portuguese cuisines. The most important place in the diet of the inhabitants of the capital is occupied by dishes from legumes, as well as from rice and corn.

Locals often eat fish and chicken. Fruits and vegetables are also popular among the population. The favorites are guava, tomatoes, pineapples, bananas and grapes.

Those wishing to get a taste of the real Luanda cuisine should try fish and meat dishes with a hot pepper sauce. The local beer is worthy of special praise.

You should avoid buying food on the street - its quality is poor.

Accommodation

Luanda has a lot of hotels. One night in local hotels will cost you several hundred dollars. The most popular hotel in Luanda is the four-star Alvalade Hotel Luanda located near the airport, as well as a five-star Alvalade Hotel Luanda located in the heart of the city.

Renting a house in Luanda is not cheap. So, a month of living in a one-room apartment in the city costs about $ 7000 . Renting an apartment with several rooms will cost even more.

These prices are explained by the high inflation rate observed in the country.

Entertainment and recreation

Luanda, located by the ocean, is a paradise for beach lovers. On the numerous beaches of the city, you can not only sunbathe and swim, but also go surfing.

Connoisseurs of cultural recreation can visit Academy of Music where not only classical works are performed, but also music composed by local authors.

There are also several museums in Luanda. Most famous Historical Museum of Angola(he is - fortress San Miguel), and Dundu Museum... Be sure to check out Slavery museum where you can learn a lot of interesting things from the centuries-old history of this country. Also very curious Anthropological museum and Natural History Museum.

Purchases

For souvenirs for friends and family, head to the southern part of the Angolan capital. The largest and most famous market in the country is located there - Futungo working on Sundays. You can find everything here: souvenirs made by craftsmen from different parts of Angola, ranging from amulets to wooden figurines, elaborately carved masks, furniture, clothing, shoes, fruits, as well as various imported goods.

There is also a modern shopping center in Luanda - Belas Shopping Mall which is open from 9:00 to 22:00. Here you can buy clothes and shoes, as well as visit one of eight cinemas, a restaurant complex. You can pay for goods in the shopping center either in cash or by credit card.

Transport

The Angolan capital has an international airport. Bus services in Luanda are not well developed. Local residents prefer to move around the city on foot or use the services of fixed-route taxis, of which there are quite a few. Route taxis also run in the suburbs. The cost of the trip is slightly less than $ 0.5.

You can also call a taxi in Luanda. For one kilometer of the journey, you will have to pay an average of $ 3.

In addition, a railway runs through the capital. The cost of a ticket for the trip is low, about $ 1.

In the capital of Angola, you can rent a car, but you should always remember about the deplorable state of the roads in the country. The cost of the daily rental is $ 75-500, depending on the car.

Connection

Internet access in Angola is provided mainly in the hotels of the city. Unlimited internet will cost you about $ 96 per month.

If you want to send a message to your relatives, then the post office is at your service, from here you can call to another country.

Calls to a local operator's mobile phone cost about $ 1.5, international calls will cost several times more.

Security

It should be noted that the overall crime rate in Luanda is relatively low. However, it is not recommended to leave personal belongings unattended here. When walking on the street, do not lose sight of your wallet, camera, mobile phone. In order to avoid troubles, it is better to deposit all valuables in the hotel safe.

Bring a bottle of drinking water with you on walks, as the local water is not drinkable.

Business climate

Luanda often hosts conferences and exhibitions dedicated to the oil industry. In addition, representatives from various countries gather in Luanda to consider various export issues for the various products produced in Angola.

Real estate

The cost of housing in Luanda and Angola in general has reached incredible heights. So, renting a one-room apartment will cost at least $ 7,000 per month, prices for three-room apartments reach $ 20,000.

If you want to buy your own home in the capital, then get ready for the fact that the lowest price per square meter will be about $ 1300.

Book a hotel room in advance, as upon arrival it may turn out that there are no available rooms in the hotel, and you will be forced to search for other options in a hurry.

Always carry cash with you, as cashless payments are not possible everywhere. It is best to buy kwanzaa here. In many places, payment in US dollars is also possible.

Try to avoid mosquito bites - there is a very high chance of contracting malaria in Angola. Medical care costs a lot of money here.

Do not enter into conflicts with the local population and authorities, treat with understanding the document checks that tourists are often subjected to.

In Luanda, it is forbidden to photograph government offices, especially in the presence of local authorities. Violation of the ban can result in not only receiving a fine, but also arrest.

Luanda- the capital of Angola, the largest city in the country. Luanda is one of the largest African cities with a population of 4.5 million.

Luanda is located on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, it is one of the major ports on the Atlantic coast of Africa.

The city is located in the Southern Hemisphere, 900 km south of the equator.

Map

sights

There are many attractions in Luanda, it is an interesting city.

Former residence of the Portuguese Governor General Is a luxurious palace located in the center of the Angolan capital. It is always open to visitors, here you can get acquainted with the interior of the palace. The interior has been preserved since the Portuguese colonization.

Mausoleum of Augustinho Neto - one of the leaders of the uprising for the independence of Angola is buried here.

Football stadium - accommodates 60 thousand spectators, football in the capital of Angola is the most popular sport.

Fortress-fort of San Miguel - it houses the historical museum, which was discussed above in this article. Here Luanda was founded by the Portuguese.

National Library - one of the places of cultural recreation for residents of the capital of Angola.

Luanda Center- built up with one-storey houses in a typical Portuguese colonial style. There are many medieval narrow streets, many shops, cafes, restaurants, and there are always a lot of tourists here.

Museums

There are many interesting museums in Luanda.

Historical Museum - located on the territory of the fortress of San Miguel, the place where the Portuguese founded their colony. The museum details the history of Angola and the struggle of the Angolan people for independence from Portuguese oppression. There are many interesting historical photographs and documents.

Angola Armed Forces Museum - tells visitors about the main periods of the formation and development of the Angolan army. Shown here are the weapons that the Angolan army has.

Slavery museum- an interesting museum, the expositions of which are devoted to the slave trade on the African continent.

Natural History Museum - talks about the geological structure of the territory of Angola, about the minerals that are mined in the country.

Anthropological museum - tells about the history of the settlement of the territory of Angola by ancient people.

History

The capital of Angola was founded by the Portuguese conquistador Paulo Dias de Novais in 1575. The city was named São Paulo de Luanda. The city bore this name until 1975, until it received its modern name - Luanda.

In 1641, the city and the entire territory of modern Angola were captured by the Dutch, but their reign was short-lived - only 7 years. In 1648, the Portuguese took back control of São Paulo de Luanda.

Sao Paulo de Luanda became the largest center for the black slave trade in Africa during the Portuguese colonization. The slave trade lasted from the 17th to the 19th century, during this period 3 million black slaves were exported from Africa through the port of Luanda.

In the 20th century, a national liberation movement for independence from Portugal unfolded in Luanda.

In 1961, a civil war began, which ended in 1974 with the granting of independence to Angola by Portugal. Luanda becomes the capital of the newly independent state.

The new government of Angola embarked on a course of building communism, and, since 1978, the territory of Angola, including Luanda, has been repeatedly attacked by South Africa, where at that time the policy of apartheid was pursued. The country was run by the UNITA separatist group.

In 1991, an agreement on a ceasefire and a peaceful settlement of the conflict was signed between the government of Angola and the UNITA group.

Luanda is today one of the most expensive capitals in the world, and in 2008 the capital of Angola ranked first in the world for the cost of living.

Monuments

Luanda's most famous monument is the Peace Monument. This is a sculptural composition consisting of a plywood dove and a real infantry fighting vehicle.

Religious buildings

There are many ancient churches in Luanda:

- the Jesuit church;

- Temple of the Carmelites;

- Church of the Virgin Mary of Nazareth;

- Church of Nossa Senhora do Cabo;

- Cathedral;

- Church of Nossa Senhora de Nazare;

- Church of Nossa Senhora do Carmo;

- Church of Nossa Senhora de Remedios;

- Church of Mercy;

- the church of Jesus.

All churches in Luanda are Catholic.

Parks

Kissama Park is located 70 km from Luanda - this is a park that consists of an untouched rainforest.

Railway stations

Luanda has a train station and a passenger service. By train from the capital of Angola, you can reach the city of Malange, which is located in the center of Angola.

Climate

Luanda has a tropical climate. There are no changes of seasons, summer reigns all year round. You can swim in the Atlantic Ocean in the Luanda region all the time throughout the year. A distinctive feature of Luanda's climate is low humidity. It rains a little here.

Population 2584 thousand people (2009). Ras-in-lo-ze-na on-be-re-zhye of the bayLu-an-da At-lan-ti-che-ocean. The starting point of the Lu-an-da railway - Ma-lan-zhe; av-to-do-ro-ha-mi co-uni-not-na with large-go-ro-da-mi countries, as well as go-ro-da-mi zapad- certain (Ma-ta-di, Kin-sha-sa) and southeastern (Col-ve-zi, Li-ka-si, Lu-boom-ba-shi) regions of De-mo- kra-tic Res-pub-li-ki of Kon-go. Large sea port. Me-w-do-folk air-ro-port "4 feb-ra-la".

Os-no-va-na in 1575 port-to-gal-cem P. Dia-shem di No-vai-shem called São Pau-lu-de-Lu-an-da. Since 1627, the re-zi-den-tion of kolo-ni-al-noi ad-mi-ni-st-ra-tion and the main support base of the port-tugal ex-pan-sii in An-go -le. In the 17th - mid-19th centuries, the center of ra-bo-to-gov-li. In 1844 the port of Luanda was opened for foreign countries; from the middle of the 19th century, one of the largest ports in the port-tugal colo-no-al-yah-de-ni-yakhs. In the 1960s-1970s, it was the center of the national os-in-bo-ditional movement. Since 1975, the modern name, hundred-person-tsa not-for-vi-si-my An-go-ly.

The center of Luanda is divided into two parts - the Lower and the Upper city; built according to the type of port-tugal provincial cities, reflects in its ar-chitectural ob-ly-ke mainly the transition from the ba- rock-to-class-si-tsiz-mu. The lower city-clan ras-in-lo-wives along the on-shore-rezh-noy-li-va, og-ra-ni-chen from the south of the San-Mi-gel fort (1575), with -ve-ra - seaport; Upper town - on the rise to the south and east from the Lower town. So-kept-ni-foxed churches: Ie-zu-it-skaya (1636); Ma-don-ny Na-za-ret-skoy (1664); No-sa-Sen-o-radus-Re-me-di-ush (1679); No-sa-Sen-o-radu-Kar-mu (1662-1689). In the 17th century, the forts of San Ped ru da Bar com and San Fer nan do di Pe ne dash were built. In the 1950s-1970s, Luanda moved in a roundabout way into the depths of ma-te-ri-ka. Among the co-weapons of the 2nd half of the 20th century is the building of the National Bank of An-go; mo-nu-ment na-ro-dam Af-ri-ki. At the beginning of the XXI century, hundreds of high buildings are being built.

Luanda is the center of science, education and culture of An-go-ly. Among the scientific uch-re-zh-de-niy are research institutes: gid-ro-me-theo-rology and geophysics (1879), geo- gical services (1914), National Center for Documentation and Historical Research (1933), Medical Research (1955) ), ve-ter-nar-nary studies (1965), Cotton Center (1970), Institute for the Study of African and Foreign Languages ​​(1978), ne -da-go-gic and co-qi-al-studies (1980). State University named after A. Ne-that (1962); among the non-go-su-dar-st-ven-zh universities - the Ka-lytic University (opened in 1999), the University named after J. Pia-same (2000), the University named after G. Se-me-do (2003), Not-for-vi-si-s-m An-go-ly University (2004), O. Ri-ba-sha University (2007), Technical University (2007).

Capital of Angola

Mu-ni-tsi-pal-naya (1873) and na-tsio-nal-naya (1968) bib-lio-te-ki. National museums: natural history (1938), anthro-po-lo-gichesky (1976), slave-st-va (1997). Te-at-ral-nye and dance-tse-val-nye corpses: "Eling-ga", "Dan-sart", "Da-da-is-mo", etc. Since 2008, pro- dit-Xia Me-zh-du-folk fes-ti-val te-at-ra and arts.

The main business and industrial center of the country. In Luanda, the headquarters of the largest national companies (including te-le-com-mu-ni-ka-tsi-on -noy "Angola Tele-com", "Unitel" - li-de-ra in pre-do-tav-le-nii services-lug with-that-how-z, al-ma-zo-do-by- vayu-shche "Endiama", oil "Sonangol", airline company "Linhas Aéreas de Angola"). The seaport specializes in the export of oil (the total cargo turnover is about 30 million tons per year, incl. non-oil cargoes 6.6 million tons per year). The center of the agricultural region (the main product is a sugar beetroot, coffee, chlor-pok, oil crops, pal-moe oil and nucleus; once-and-so-then-water-st-in). In Luanda, more than 1/2 of the production of An-goo's industry is produced. Pre-arrival of the food industry; production of clothing, footwear, si-gar, pl-st-mass and metal-lo-from-de-li. Auto-collecting, cement-based (1.2 million tons of cement and 540 thousand tons of clinker per year) and oil-te-pe-re- ba-ty-vayu-shch (capacity 40 thousand barrels per day) for water. Vos-sta-nav-li-va-xia sta-le-li-tei-ny-vod (2010, with the participation of the Chinese “Chung Fong Holding Company”). Electricity supply of the city is being carried out at the “Cam-bambe” hydroelectric power station on the Kvan-za river (50 thousand kW).

Near-zi Luanda - oil-te-promys-ly.

Great Russian Encyclopedia (BDT)

Posted by

Tarasyutina Evgeniya Valerievna

editor

Luanda- (port. Luanda) the capital of Angola, the largest political, cultural, financial and industrial center of the state.

Luanda occupies an advantageous position on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, in the area where the Kwanza River flows into it. The climate in this zone is tropical, the average annual rainfall is 250-500 mm, with most of them occurring in February-March. The warmest month of the year is March, at this time the mercury column of the thermometer rises to +30 degrees, in July the temperature drops to +16, which is largely due to the cooling effect of the Bengal Current.

In the vicinity of Luanda, grassy and shrub savannas are practically preserved in their original form, and numerous palm trees grow here, the groves of which are thinning to the south of the capital. Outside the city, you can find such wild animals as elephants, lions, leopards, zebras, antelopes, monkeys, but their populations have sharply declined in recent years due to human poaching. In the coastal waters, various representatives of the aquatic fauna are found: whales, turtles, molluscs, several species of fish.

Luanda- the largest city in Angola, its population (with suburbs) is about 4.5 million.

Which country has the capital Luanda?

human. The ethnic composition of the capital is quite diverse: representatives of the African peoples of the Orimbundu, Mbanda, Bakongo, Lunda, Chokye, Ngantuela, Kuanyama, etc., as well as Europeans and a mixed Afro-European population live here. Capital residents of African descent use Portuguese for official negotiations, and among themselves, as a rule, in the Bantu languages ​​(Kimbundu, Umbundu, Kikongo). Angolans of European and mixed descent speak Portuguese, which is the official language. Many residents of Luanda adhere to traditional local beliefs, and there are also Christians - Catholics and Protestants (Baptists, Methodists and Congregationalists).

The modern capital of Angola was founded by the Portuguese colonizer P. Dias de Novais in 1575 and was named São Paulo de Luanda (renamed Luanda in 1975). At the same time, the fortifications of San Miguel were erected on the rocky promontory overlooking the city. Already at the end of the XVI century. the new city became the center of the Portuguese colonial administration and the main base of the expansionist forces in Angola. In 1641, the Portuguese were forced to cede their outpost on the Atlantic coast to the Dutch, and after 7 years they returned their territories. In the period from the 17th to the 19th century, Luanda was one of the largest centers of the slave trade; about 3,000,000 blacks were exported from the territories controlled by the Portuguese through the port. In the 20th century, Luanda became the center of the national liberation struggle of the peoples of Angola, and there were frequent clashes between workers and Portuguese troops. In 1961, the leadership of the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) organized the workers of Luanda to revolt. The armed uprising of the residents of the capital served as a signal for the start of the liberation war.

In April 1974, after a series of revolutionary uprisings, the Portuguese government agreed to grant independence to Angola. In November 1975, a new state appeared on the political map of the world - the People's Republic of Angola (since August 1992 - the Republic of Angola), whose capital was Luanda. Since 1978, the largest populated areas of Angola have been repeatedly attacked by South Africa, which sought to prevent the spread of communist influence in the region and supported the National Union for the Complete Independence of Angola (UNITA). In 1991, an agreement on a peaceful settlement of the conflict was signed between representatives of the Angolan government and the opposing UNITA group in Lisbon. Nevertheless, the political situation in the region remains unstable, which hinders the rapid development of Angolan cities, including Luanda.

Republic of Angola

Luanda - history, sights, map, photo. Luanda today.

Luanda is the capital of Angola and one of the largest cities in the country. Luanda is located on the Atlantic coast. Population: 2 825 311 people (2012). Time zone: UTC + 1. Coordinates: 8 ° 50'00 ″ S NS. 13 ° 14'00 ″ in. d

The city was founded in 1575 by the colonizer Paulo Dias de Novais. The city was originally called São Paulo de Luanda. At the end of the 16th century, the city was the center of the colonial administration of Portugal. In 1641, the Dutch drove the Portuguese out of their outpost on the Atlantic coast for seven years.

In the 17th – 19th centuries Luanda was a major center of the slave trade. About three million blacks were taken out through the port. In the twentieth century, the city became the center of the national liberation movement for the country's independence.

In 1961, civil war broke out in Luanda. In 1975 Angola gained independence. It was decided to simplify the name of the capital, so the name of São Paulo de Luanda was shortened to Luanda.

Luanda is the largest political, cultural, financial and industrial center of the state. In 2008, the capital of Angola was named the most expensive city in the world. Two cinema tickets here will cost about $ 26, and the rent for a two-room apartment is $ 7,000. The city's economy is developing rapidly, new level hotels are being built like the Riviera Anapa hotel in Russia. The main export item is robusta coffee beans.

Luanda is a port city. Almost all goods available in the capital are imported. There is an international airport on the territory of the capital. Transportation by the city is provided by buses and taxis.

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Luanda landmarks
Luanda is a picturesque capital, divided into two parts: the Upper and the Lower City. Most of the local attractions are concentrated in the Lower City. Fort San Miguel is a colonial monument. Today the building houses a historical museum. Not far from the fort there are such old churches as: the Temple of the Madonna of Nazareth (1664), the Church of the Carmelites (1638), the Jesuit church (XVI century). In the Lower Town, even the city sidewalks paved with mosaics deserve attention.

The Upper Luanda is home to the Parliament, the Cathedral, the President's and Bishop's Palace.

The city's attractions include local beaches.

Luanda - Capital of Angola

Belash, Mussulu, Korimba, Ile are especially popular.

Literature lovers will undoubtedly be delighted with the collections of books collected in the National and Municipal Libraries.

Luanda has several interesting markets: Rocky Santeiro and Benfica, specializing in African art.

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Angola
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More information: Angola

Angola

Geographical location and nature of Angola.

State in the southwest of Africa.

Country with the most expensive city in the world: Angola on the map

In the south it borders on Namibia (border length - 1,376 km), in the east - with Zaire (2,511 km) and Zambia (1,110 km), in the north - with Congo (201 km). In the west, Angola is washed by the Atlantic Ocean. The total length of the border is 5,198 km, the length of the coastline is 1,600 km. The area is 1,246,700 km2. The main part of the country is occupied by the vast Angolan plateau with an average altitude of 1,000-1,500 m. The highest point of the plateau is Mount Moko (2,620 m). The western edge of the Angolan plateau descends steeply into a narrow coastal lowland. The width of the coastal plain is small - 50-100 km. Angola's rivers, such as the Congo, Zambezi, Kasai and others, originate in the mountains, forming numerous picturesque waterfalls. The bowels of the country are rich in oil, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, gold, uranium.

Population of Angola.

The population is 10,069,501 people (1995), the average awn is about 9 people per km2. The country is home to 11 popular political groups belonging to two main ethnic groups: Banngo and Western Bantu. The official language is Portuguese, and various dialects of Bantu are spoken. Almost half of the population (47%) is adherents of pagan cults and Relia, 38% are Catholics, 15% are Protestants. The birth rate is 45 newborns per 1,000 people (1995). Mortality -18.1 deaths per 1,000 people (infant mortality rate - 142 deaths per 1,000 newborns). Average life expectancy: men - 44 years, women - 48 years (1995). The able-bodied population is 2 783 000 people.

Climate of Angola.

The climate in the interior regions of the country is equatorial-muscular, on the coast - dry, tropical trade winds. Precipitation is unevenly distributed: from 50 mm per year in the south to 1,500 mm per year in the central plateau, the rainy season lasts from May to August.

Flora of Angola.

Desert vegetation characteristic of the extreme south of the country gives way to the north, first by a strip of savannahs, and then by dense tropical forests. Palm trees grow in abundance on the Atlantic coast.

Fauna of Angola.

In Angola there are almost all types of large animals found on the African continent: elephant, giraffe, rhinoceros, zebra, antelope, lion, hippopotamus, etc. Various species of birds nest in the country.

Government, political parties in Angola.

Full name - Republic of Angola. The state system is a republic. The country is divided into 18 provinces. The capital is Luanda. Angola gained independence on November 11, 1975 from Portugal. The Constitution, adopted on November 11, 1975, was revised on January 7, 1978, August 11, 1980, and March 6, 1991. Legislation is based on the Portuguese civil law system and traditional laws. The national holiday is celebrated on November 11 - Independence Day. Executive power belongs to the president (head of state) and the prime minister. Unicameral Parliament - National Assembly. More than 30 parties are registered, the most influential political parties are the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) and the National Union for the Complete Independence of Angola (UNITA).

Economy, transport communications of Angola.

Agriculture is the main livelihood for the vast majority of the country's population. The most important industry is oil production, which accounts for about 60% of GNP (in 1994 it was $ 6.1 billion, GNP per capita - $ 620). The monetary unit is a new kwanzaa (1 new kwanzaa is equal to 100 lei). The main export items of income in the country's budget are oil, liquefied gas, diamonds, coffee, fish and fish products. The main trade partners are the USA, the CIS countries, Cuba, Portugal, Brazil. Developed industries such as oil, diamond, mining, food, tobacco, sugar. In agriculture, a great deal of attention is paid to export crops: coffee, sisal, grains, cotton, sugar cane, cassava, tobacco. The total length of railways is 3,189 km, roads have a total length of 73,828 km (8,577 km are paved roads) ... The main ports of the country are Luanda, Ngenza-Kabolo, Lo-bitu, Cabinda.

History of Angola.

Angola was discovered by the Portuguese in 1482, and by 1484 Portugal had taken over the entire coast of the country. The expansion of Portugal's influence into the interior of the country began only in the 19th century. The Portuguese traveler Serpa Pinto, who explored the area between the Zambezi and Congo rivers and became governor of Mozambique in 1889, made a number of unsuccessful attempts to annex Angola to Mozambique. At the beginning of the 20th century. Angola became a Portuguese colony, in 1951 - an overseas territory, in 1955 - a province of Portugal. In 1961, a national liberation war broke out in the country, which led to the proclamation in 1975 of the independent People's Republic of Angola. The confrontation between the ruling People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola, supported by the USSR, and UNITA, which found support from the United States, led to a civil war, which involved South Africa and Cuba. In 1991, a peace agreement was signed between the warring parties, but after the victory of Dos Santos in the presidential elections, civil war broke out again in the country.

Angola landmarks.

Among the monuments of the architectural heritage of the past, the fort of the 16th century can be distinguished. in the city of Benguela, a fortress of the 17th century. San Miguel in Luanda. The capital also houses the Museum of Angola.

Angola's participation in international organizations.

AfDB, TKK, ECA, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, IFAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, MNTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAP, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO UNIDO, UPU, CGT, WWF, WHO, WIPO, WMO , WTO.

* This information is valid until 2010.

The Republic of Angola is a country in southwest Africa. The capital is Luanda. This city is ranked third in the world for the number of people who speak Portuguese. The first two places are occupied by the South American cities of Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. The capital of Angola is located on the shores of the Atlantic Ocean.

Luanda is over four hundred years old. The year of its foundation is 1575. The founder of the city is the Portuguese Paulo Dias de Novais, who named it in São Paulo da Assumpcio de Luanda. Translated as "cowrie shell". It was the local currency of Angola until the early twentieth century.

In the middle of the seventeenth century, the Portuguese ceded Luanda to Holland, but after 7 years the city returned to Portugal. From the 16th to the early 19th century, the capital of Algeria was considered one of the centers of the slave trade in South Africa.

What is the capital of Angola

Towards the middle of the nineteenth century, the slave trade was banned, but the city's economy did not suffer, as a seaport was soon established here, which was used for export. Exported:

• Palm oil
• peanut butter
• coffee beans
• cotton
• cocoa

In 1974, Portugal underwent a change of government through a bloodless coup. After the change of the Portuguese government, Angola, whose capital has invariably remained Luanda, became an independent country. However, immediately after gaining independence, a terrible civil war began in the country, which dragged on for many years. The development of Luanda ceased, the port ceased to function. Many Portuguese left the country.

This city appeared 4 centuries ago and was called "Sao Paulo li Luanda", its current name - Luanda - it received only in 1975. Initially, it was a settlement founded by a Portuguese colonialist, later it was given the status of a city and began to be used as a base for the colonial administration. The current capital of Angola has become a kind of bridge through which blacks were taken out of the country.

Luanda's life has changed dramatically in the last century. This city became the center of concentration of the main forces of the local population, which began an active struggle against Portuguese oppression. As soon as Angola gained independence, Luanda immediately became its capital. Today you will meet representatives of different races, states and cultures here. Of course, the population is based on African peoples, but there are quite a few descendants of the Portuguese colonialists, Europeans. The same applies to languages ​​- there are quite a few of them. Portuguese is recognized as the official one, but along with it you often hear European languages ​​and Bantu.

How the capital of Angola attracts tourists

First, the tourism sector in Luanda is well developed. Many are accustomed to thinking that everything is somehow chaotic in Africa, newcomers entertain themselves. But this is not always the case. Suffice it to recall about, in which a huge number of exciting excursions are organized for tourists both in the city itself and beyond. At the same time, you can easily spend time in peace, enjoying the beautiful pictures of nature. If next to the "Navel of the Earth" is located - one of the main attractions of Africa, which everyone advises to look at, then near the capital of Angola you will find a real little piece of paradise.

Mussulo Island invites you to wander the beautiful beaches and enjoy the privacy.

Also near Luanda there is an old fort, a national park and coffee plantations, which are also of interest to tourists.

Of course, nature deserves special attention. The capital of Angola boasts close proximity to bushy and grassy savannas. There are also quite a few palm groves here. Walking along the coastline, you may well see mollusks and turtles, but when you go out to sea and dive to great depths, you can see a whale.

Luanda and its attractions

The first thing that catches the eye of any visitor to this city is the variety of architectural styles. It is especially interesting to look at the buildings made in the colonial, most of them built of stone, wood and clay.

Many buildings contain elements of African culture - ornament, African masks, images of animals. If you are in the capital of Angola, be sure to look at the university building and the fortress of San Miguel - these are the main examples of the colonial style.

The central part of Luanda includes the Jesuit Church (16th century), the Church of the Madonna of Nazareth (2nd half of the 17th century) and the Temple of the Carmelites (mid-17th century). In addition, tourists usually tend to visit the former residence of the Portuguese governor. See also the Palacio de Ferro ("Iron Palace").

This is an architectural monument that has survived almost all the troubles of the past. They say that its author was Gustave Eiffel himself, famous all over the world as the creator of the symbol.

It will be interesting to just walk around Luanda, because the city sidewalks will surely evoke an association with the capital of Portugal, in particular with the famous boulevard paved with mosaics.

You can have a great leisure time, take a break from rich excursions in one of the city parks, sunbathe on the beach, or go surfing.

Cultural holidays in the capital of Angola

You should definitely look into the Academy of Music, which has been open since 1956 and invites visitors to get acquainted not only with classical works, but also with the melodies of local composers. It should be noted that the capital of Angola is very careful about the traditions of dance and musical cultures. Contemporary music is closely intertwined with the musical traditions of the Caribbean and Brazil.

In the fortress of San Miguel there is a museum of Angola, it exhibits exhibits that tell about the history of the country and the African people. A visit to the Dundu Museum will complement the general impressions of Luanda and the knowledge gained about the country.

Historical and ethnographic monuments are collected here. Surely many will be interested in visiting the Museum of Slavery, they only read about this phenomenon in books and watched stories on TV, but here there are documented facts. By the way, you can watch films in good quality about the history of the African American people, listen to interesting lectures, and you can find yourself in America (Philadelphia), for this it is enough to visit In Luanda, you will also find the Museum of Natural History and the Anthropological Museum.

Do you like to read? Have you tried to get acquainted with the masterpieces of African literature? You might be fascinated by this. Give it a try, visit the National Library in the capital of Angola and flip through books by writers such as Arthur Pestana dos Santos or Luandina Vieira. Of course, it will be difficult to understand something, so you can take a look at modern performances based on their works.

Do you want to get acquainted with Negro painting? Go ahead. Yes, you read that right, one of the quarters of the Cuban capital is an open-air museum of African painting.

And at the end I would like to remind about for tourists. Although Luanda does not have a high crime rate, it is worth being careful about your belongings. Leave your valuables in the hotel safe. But be sure to take a bottle of mineral water with you, because you cannot drink the local water.

In some places, they accept dollars as payment, and somewhere - kwanzaa.

Be calm about checking documents by local law enforcement officers and do not take photographs of government agencies! The law prohibits this. For more information about what awaits you because of such carelessness, read the article about, I'm sure you will find a lot of useful and interesting things.

Well, now you know that Luanda is the capital of Angola (a country located in Africa). This is a pretty attractive and interesting place. You will learn even more about it, about its color from the video.

P.S. I hope you enjoyed the virtual trip to the capital of Angola. Until next time. Don't forget to write comments and click on social buttons (if you like the post). Thanks!)