Detailed map of Berezan - streets, house numbers, districts. Legendary island Berezan

(by rail - 65 km).

The climate is temperate continental, mild, with warm, long summers and temperate, unstable winters, with little snow cover and frequent thaws.

The soils are mainly black earth, fertile, with a high content of humus, in an insignificant amount - sandy loam, loam and salt licks, which, with the necessary agronomic measures, give large yields.

Berezan is surrounded by coniferous and deciduous forests, birch groves.

Water resources - Lake Central, the rates, the Nedra and Trubezh rivers are the left tributaries of the Dnieper.

Nadra has rich deposits of peat, clay suitable for the production of bricks and porcelain, fine-grained sands, table mineral water, from which beer was made in ancient times.

The total area of the city is 3292 hectares, which is 0.12% of the total territory of the Kiev region.

The city borders on all sides with settlements of the Baryshevsky district.

Population - 17.0 thousand people.

In 1920, Berezan is an urban-type settlement, for 37 years (1923-1933, 1934-1962) Berezan was a regional center, on June 30, 1994 it has the status of a city of regional subordination.

Berezan is an ancient Cossack town with centennials, located in the eastern part of the Kiev City of Berezan Oblast. The first written mention of it was recorded in historical primary sources in 1616.

The city has a rich and glorious history worthy of writing a historical novel. It survived the Mongol-Tatar yoke, the raids of the Tatar hordes of the Crimean Khan Girey, the power of the Lithuanian princes and magnates of the Commonwealth, the liberation war led by Bohdan Khmelnitsky, the war with the Swedes, serfdom, the power of the Russian Empire, a number of revolutions, civil, the first and second world wars ...

Many famous names are closely associated with Berezan, in particular, hetmans Bohdan Khmelnitsky and Ivan Mazepa, poet and artist Taras Shevchenko, poet-philosopher Grigory Skovoroda, St. Sophrony of Irkutsk, one of the first writers of Ukraine Ilya Turchinovsky, ethnographer-folklorist Platon Lukavishevich , Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Anatoly Dorodnitsyn, Hero of the Soviet Union Lavrenty Voloshin and many others. Berezanskaya land brought up actors Natalia Gebdovsku, Lydia Ostrovskaya, Vasily Berezhny, honored cultural worker, journalist Lyudmila Gaevskaya, writer Ivan Bas.

In 1927 in Berezan, the film director Arnold Kurdyum shot one of the first full-length Ukrainian films "Dzhalma.

Such outstanding cultural figures of Ukraine as Platon and Georgy Mayboroda, Andrey Golovko, Andrey Sova, Ostap Vishnya, Alexander Bilash, Stepan Oleinik, Teren Masenko, Nina Matvienko, Nazariy Yaremchuk, Feodosiy Gumenyuk, Mikhail Sagaidak, Petr Gonchar, Mikhail Seliva , Director of the Institute of Ukrainian Studies at Harvard University George Grabovich and many others. In 1843, Taras Shevchenko wrote the poem "The Buried Grave" in Berezan.

Berezanka have always been a freedom-loving, independent people. In the 16th-17th centuries, the saturation of Cossack families in the city was 54% - a unique phenomenon for Ukraine. And now descendants of glorious Cossack families live in Berezan. Berezanka love their city, its history, revive old traditions.

Together with all of Ukraine, its talented and hardworking people, the inhabitants of the proud and glorious Berezan are looking to the future with hope. They are confident that Ukraine will take a worthy and honorable place among the civilized states of the planet Earth.

The history of the name of the city of Berezan
Berezan is a city of regional subordination in the Kiev region, located on the Nedra River (left tributary, Dnieper basin) 79 kilometers east of Kiev (by road). The population is 16,527 people (according to the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine as of January 1, 2012). According to the main version, the name Berezan comes from the name of the Berezanka River, which flows into the Nedra near the city. The second-order subsoil tributary Suhoberezitsa has a similar name. The names of these rivers are explained by the natural conditions of the area along which they flow. Birch forests were located along the banks of the Berezanka River. Sukhoberezitsa has dry shores. The first written mention of Berezan is found in the lustration of the Pereyaslavl eldership of the Kiev Voivodeship in 1616. According to this lustration, the inhabitants of the shtetl do not bear any duties, except for the military. In the lustration for 1620, it is indicated that in the townships of Pereyasla the elders of Berezan, Bykov, Yablonov and Mirgorod make saltpeter, which allegedly brings a lot of income per year. The acts of the Lublin Tribunal of the late 16th-early 17th centuries make it possible to establish that Berezan, as a new or already existing settlement at the beginning of the 17th century, was replenished by fugitive peasants from the Right-Bank Ukraine, mainly from Khodorkov. In the first half of the 17th century (before the uprising led by Bohdan Khmelnytsky), Berezan was part of the Pereyaslavskoe eldership, which until 1620 was owned by Prince Janusz Ostrozhsky. After the death of Janusz of the Ostroh town, Berezan, Bykov, Yablonov and Mirgorod were separated from the Pereyaslavl eldership and by the privilege of Sigismund III in 1620 transferred to Jan Chernyshevsky for the development of saltpeter, and in 1621, by another royal privilege, the production of saltpeter in the Kiev Voivodeship and throughout Ukraine was transferred to the Komor (to the assistant judge in disputes about the boundaries of estates) Bartolomey Obalkovsky, who, after Yan Chernyshevsky, came into the possession of Berezan, Bykov, Yablonov and Mirgorod with farms and settlements belonging to these settlements. From about 20-30s of the 17th century, Berezan became the center of the Berezan Hundreds of the Pereyaslavsky Regiment. At the beginning of the uprising of 1648-1654, Bohdan Khmelnitsky sent ambassadors to Prince Jeremiah Vishnevetsky with a letter in which he explained the reasons for the uprising of the Cossacks and proposed not to raise weapons against the insurgents. The envoys found Jeremiah Vishnevetsky and handed him a letter when he was near Berezan. After reading the letter, Jeremiah Vishnevetsky became so furious that he ordered the execution of the ambassadors who had brought him. In 1674, hetman Ivan Samoilovich, with his wagon, assigned the estates he had acquired, including Berezan, to the Pereyaslavl Colonel Dmitrashka Raich, and in 1688 Ivan Mazepa gave him a second wagon for the same estates. According to the "General Investigation of Scarcity" (census of estates), carried out in all ten regiments of the Left-Bank Ukraine in 1729-1731, there were 37 households in Berezan and it was owned by the descendants of the former Pereyaslavl Colonel Dmitrashka Raich. In 1764, the Pereyaslavsky regiment, in which the Berezanskaya hundred was located, became part of the newly created Little Russian province. After the elimination of the regimental structure in the Left-Bank Ukraine and the reorganization of the Little Russian province into the Kiev, Chernigov and Novgorod-Seversky governorship in 1782, Berezan was ranked among the Pereyaslavsky district of the Kiev governorship. In 1796, the Little Russian province was restored, and Berezan was located on the territory of the Pereyaslavsky district until the division in 1802 of the Little Russian province into Chernigov and Poltava. Since 1802 Berezan is the center of the Pereyaslavsky district of the Poltava province. As a result of the next administrative-territorial reform of 1922-1923, when counties were replaced by districts, and volosts by districts, Berezan became the regional center of the Kiev district. In 1932, after the liquidation of the districts, Berezan became the regional center of the newly created Kiev region. From 1962 to 1965, the village of Berezan was part of the Pereyaslav-Khmelnitsky district of the Kiev region. In 1994, Berezan was assigned to the category of cities of regional subordination of the Kiev region.

Sources:

1. A. Storozhenko Essays on Pereyaslavschina // Kievskaya Starina, No. 11, 1891

2.Źródła dziejowe, Tom V - Warszawa, 1877

3. From the lustration of the Kiev Voivodeship // Reunification of Ukraine with Russia. Documents and materials in three volumes-Volume 1-M., 1954

4. N.M. Left-bank Ukraine in the XV-XVII centuries // Kievskaya Starina, No. 3, 1896

5. Reunification of Ukraine with Russia. Documents and materials in three volumes.-Volume I - M., 1954

6. V.M. Zaruba Administrative-territorial device and administrative device Viyisk Zaporozky at 1648_1782 river-Dnipropetrovsk, 2007

7. A.V. Storozhenko Essays on Pereyaslavl antiquity. Research, Documents and Notes - K., 1900

8. General investigation about the problems of the Pereyaslavl regiment // Collection of the Kharkov Philological Society. Volume 8 _ H., 1896

There are many interesting and unusual places on planet Earth that will be a real pleasure to visit. These include the island of Berezan with full confidence, the photos of which are presented below. It is considered to be the center of mysteries and secrets and attracts many curious tourists and archaeological scientists.

Description

Berezan is a small island:

The length is about 1 km.
Width - 0.5 km.
The average height in the north is up to 6 m, in the south - just over 20 m.

It is uninhabited, but many tourists tend to get here to see the local attractions.

Location

The island of Berezan belongs to Ukraine and is located in the Black Sea. The features of its location are as follows:

Refers to the Nikolaev region (Ochakovsky district).
The island is separated from the seashore by only two kilometers.
The resort village of Rybakovka is 4 km from the island.
In 8 km - Ochakov, a city located on the Black Sea coast.
From the north and east, the island is washed by the waters of the Dnieper and Bug rivers.
From the south and west - the Black Sea itself.

Like Snake Island, which also belongs to Ukraine, it belongs to the mainland islands of the north of the Black Sea basin. The basis of the Berezan Island is a lime slab. In the era of Ancient Greece, it was a peninsula, but the rise in sea level separated it from the mainland.

What is famous for

Berezan Island is a part of the Ukrainian archaeological reserve "Olvia". The name is translated from Greek as "rich". This place is in many ways unique, it was here that an ancient colony was located, therefore, the monuments that have survived to this day differ significantly from the traditional Slavic ones. On the territory of Olbia were the sanctuaries of the Hellenic gods Zeus and Apollo.

Unfortunately, the rich heritage is subjected to unauthorized barbaric excavations, which every year destroy traces of the culture of past eras, depriving scientists of the opportunity to study them.

The island of Berezan is a unique archaeological site, since it is the only place where traces of Greek culture have been preserved. Earlier there was also the so-called Taganrog settlement, which was located on the territory of the modern city with the same name, but it was completely destroyed by the action of sea waters.

And the island of Berezan in the Black Sea has preserved on its territory many remnants of the cultural heritage of the Hellenes:

Ruins of dwellings and temples.
Ruins of defensive fortifications.
Cemeteries and burial mounds.

The oldest find is a silicon knife, the approximate time of its creation dates back to the 7th century BC. NS. There are also many finds here that make it possible to understand what the inhabitants of the most ancient eras were doing: the pits for storing grain, the surviving remains of sickles and plows indicate that earlier agriculture flourished on the island. The kilns testify to the development of pottery.

Features of the historical path

There are several periods in the history of the island:

First of all, this is the time of Greek colonization. In those days, the settlement of Borisfen (Borisfenida) was located here. A small sanctuary was built to the goddess Aphrodite.
Further - the Slavic period. It was on the island that the Russians made a stopover, heading for Byzantium along the famous route "from the Varangians to the Greeks." Since that time, dilapidated Slavic dugouts, weapons (axes, darts, arrows), remains of ceramics, jewelry (crosses, bracelets) have been preserved.
In the 14-15th centuries, the island of Berezan began to belong to the principality of Lithuania.
Later he moved to the Polish principality.
15-16 centuries. were marked by the annexation of Berezan to the Crimean Khanate, however, permanent residents did not appear here even during this period. Occasionally Zaporozhye Cossacks rested here.
In the 18th century, the island was captured by the Black Sea Cossacks.

During the Great Patriotic War, an anti-aircraft battery was placed here, which covered the approaches to the city of Ochakov.

Greek settlement Borisfen

The appearance of the Greeks on the island dates back to the second half of the 7th century. BC NS. Whether there was any more ancient settlement here, scientists cannot yet answer. Also, researchers cannot give an unambiguous answer to the question of what was the nature of the settlement:

The locals were definitely engaged in trade, as evidenced by the findings.
At the same time, fragments of labor tools that have survived to this day testify to the development of agriculture and cattle breeding, and individual crafts.

The heyday of Berezan falls on the 7-6 centuries. BC BC, it was then that the settlement of Borisfen became the center of the Olbia polis.

Where did the people of this ancient era live? Archaeological finds will help restore some of the facts. Found two types of dwellings:

Dugouts.
Ground structures made of bricks. They often had semi-basements.

Most of the buildings were located in the northeast of the island, and, as scientists believe, the development was carried out according to a predetermined clear plan. Olbia gradually developed, and the island of Berezan became empty.

The most famous finds

Despite the fact that the island of Berezan in the Nikolaev region became a place of illegal fishing for "black archaeologists", respectable researchers managed to collect a whole collection of amazing finds:

Ruins of the temple of the goddess Aphrodite, the Greek patroness of beauty and love.
Figurines of a beautiful goddess.
Money of those distant eras, made in the form of dolphins.
Part of the encolpion cross in bronze. It became proof that a Christian settlement once existed on Berezan. In such chest crosses-boxes, which, as a rule, belonged to noble people, the relics of the saints were kept.

Now in the Berezan collection there are more than 9 thousand unique items that are in various museums:

Nikolaev Museum of Local Lore.
Hermitage.
Museums in Kiev, Kharkov and Odessa.

Exploration of the island continues.

In conclusion, we propose to get acquainted with some interesting facts about the island of Berezan in the Black Sea:

It is uninhabited primarily because there is not a single source of fresh water here.
Researchers believe that the island of Berezan was described by Pushkin in the "Tale of Tsar Saltan" as the island of Buyan.
Lieutenant Schmidt, one of the leaders of the uprising on the ship Ochakov, and his assistants were shot on the legendary island. Later, an obelisk was erected in their honor, consisting of pylons, stylized as sails.
The island is gradually decreasing, every year the sea takes from it from 5 to 50 cm of land. Analysis of stone reefs allows us to conclude that earlier its length was about 3 km, width - up to 3.5 km.
Berezan is surprisingly picturesque; peach and apricot trees and wild rose grow here.

The very atmosphere of the island is imbued with a spirit of mystery. Archaeologists still cannot find an answer to the question of what exactly made the ancient Greeks found a colony so far from Hellas. Therefore, the mysteries of Berezan continue to haunt scientists' minds.

Coordinates

Geography

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See also the city of regional significance Berezan (not part of the district)



Districts		The French found Moscow, although empty, but with all forms of an organically correct city, with its various functions of trade, crafts, luxury, government, and religion. These forms were lifeless, but they still existed. There were rows, shops, shops, storage sheds, bazaars - most of them with goods; there were factories, craft establishments; there were palaces, rich houses filled with luxuries; there were hospitals, prison, offices, churches, cathedrals. The longer the French remained, the more these forms of urban life were destroyed, and in the end everything merged into one indivisible, lifeless field of plunder. The plundering of the French, the longer it lasted, the more it destroyed the wealth of Moscow and the strength of the robbers. The plunder of the Russians, from which the occupation of the capital by the Russians began, the longer it lasted, the more participants there were in it, the faster it restored the wealth of Moscow and the correct life of the city. In addition to robbers, the people are the most diverse, attracted - some by curiosity, some by duty, some by calculation - homeowners, clergy, higher and lower officials, merchants, artisans, peasants - from different sides, like blood to the heart - poured into Moscow. A week later, the peasants who came with empty carts in order to take things away were stopped by the authorities and forced to take out the dead bodies from the city. Other peasants, hearing about the failure of their comrades, came to the city with bread, oats, hay, knocking down each other's price to a price lower than the previous one. Artels of carpenters, hoping for expensive earnings, entered Moscow every day, and new ones were cut from all sides, burned houses were repaired. Merchants opened trade in booths. Taverns and inns were set up in burnt houses. The clergy resumed services in many unburned churches. Donors brought plundered church things. Officials fitted their felt desks and filing cabinets in small rooms. The higher authorities and the police disposed of the distribution of the good left from the French. The owners of those houses, in which a lot of things brought from other houses were left, complained about the injustice of bringing all things to the Faceted Chamber; others insisted that the French from different houses had brought things to one place, and therefore it is unfair to give the owner of the house those things that were found with him. The police were abused; bribed her; wrote ten times estimates for burnt-out state things; demanded assistance. Count Rostopchin wrote his proclamations.

Heraldry

Adopted July 5, 2001.
In a silver field, dotted with black bars, there is an azure pillar, burdened with a silver horseshoe, accompanied by clawed crosses of the same metal above and below, and a gold heart ..

Adopted July 5, 2001.
Rectangular panel consisting of three equal vertical stripes of white, blue and white colors. On the blue stripe there is a white horseshoe, accompanied by white clawed crosses above and below, and a yellow heart.

Berezan

Berezan (Ukrainian Berezan) is a city of regional significance in the Kiev region of Ukraine.

The city of Berezan is located on the Nedra River, 75 km from Kiev on the territory of the Baryshevsky district, but it is not part of it. Railroad station.

Population - 16 761 people (2010)

Water resources - Lake Central, ponds, rivers Nedra and Trubezh - tributaries of the Dnieper.

The bowels are rich in deposits of peat, clay suitable for the production of bricks and porcelain, fine-grained sands, table mineral water, from which beer was made in ancient times.

The city has a music school, a cinema, libraries, and a house of culture.

A large-scale celebration of the birthday of the Kobzar, the holiday of Ivan Kupala, May 9, graduation is held in Berezan.

The city hosts the annual Metal Time festival.

The history of Berezan

Berezan was founded at the beginning of the 17th century. immigrants from the Right-Bank Ukraine, in particular from the city of Khodorkov, who fled here from the oppression of Polish and Ukrainian feudal lords. The name probably comes from the fact that at that time there were large birch groves in this area.

Berezan was first mentioned in 1616. It was the town of the Pereyaslavl eldership of the Kiev Voivodeship and in 1620 belonged to the tycoon J. Ostrozhsky.

The area abounded in raw materials for the production of saltpeter, which, mixed with birch charcoal and sulfur powder, was used to produce gunpowder. Therefore, in 1620, the Polish government allocated Berezan with the environs, as well as other areas rich in saltpeter in the Pereyaslav region, as a special state estate under the management of the royal administrator. In addition to the existing duties in favor of the state, the peasants had to guard the saltpeter industries and transport the saltpeter.

In May 1648, the rebels led by Bohdan Khmelnytsky won the first victories over the Polish gentry army. After the liberation of Berezan from the Polish gentry, it became the hundredth town of the Pereyaslav regiment.

At the beginning of the 18th century. Berezan became the property of the descendants of R. Dumitrashko-Raich - the landowners of Dmitrashka, as well as the Lukashevichs, Markovich and others, who owned it until 1917.

During the first half of the 18th century. local landowners continued to seize land from the free population, turning the bourgeoisie, as well as the Cossacks and peasants of the surrounding villages into their subjects.

In connection with the elimination of the regimental organization on the Left Bank by the tsarist government, Berezan lost the importance of a centennial town. Since 1802, Berezan became a volost town in the Pereyaslavsky district of the Poltava province.

In 1753, the outstanding Ukrainian philosopher and poet G.S. Pan. He often visited the local landowner Y. Lukashevich, whose son P.Ya. Lukashevich (about 1806-1887) was a well-known collector and publisher of Ukrainian folk songs and compiler of the collection "Little Russian and Red-Russian People's Dumas and Songs", published in 1836. In October 1843 in Berezan 'to P.Ya. Lukashevich visited T.G. Shevchenko. Here he wrote the poem "Rozrita grave", in which he outlined the plight of the oppressed Ukrainian people. In Berezan, the poet first became acquainted with the Galician literary anthology "Rusalka Dniester" and collected information about the stay in the town of GS. Frying pans.

On the eve of the abolition of serfdom, in 1859, there were 399 households and 3466 people in the town. At that time, a saltpeter plant continued to operate here, the products of which were sent to Shostka.

In addition to agriculture, the peasants in the fall and winter were engaged in weaving, felt production, cooperage both for their own needs and to order. Weaving products were sold at fairs. At the end of the XIX century. in Berezan there were several small enterprises - a steam mill, poor people and a brewery owned by local bourgeoisie, as well as a distillery built in 1892 by the landowner I. Markevich.

Although Berezan was the volost center of the Pereyaslav district, from educational institutions in 1902 only the rural primary public school worked here, where 143 students studied. The overwhelming majority of the inhabitants remained illiterate. So, according to the census of 1887, only 176 men and two women were able to write and read.

The Stolypin reform did not improve the economic situation of the peasants. The process of landlessness and class stratification continued.

In 1927, in Berezan, film director Arnold Kurdyum shot one of the first full-length Ukrainian films "Dzhalma".

Berezan was an important strategic point on the outskirts of Kiev and passed from hand to hand more than once during the years of the civil war.

During the Second World War, more than 1,500 Berezanchans were mobilized to the front, half of them did not return to their homes. 365 Berezan boys and girls were taken to Germany for forced labor. For two years Berezan was occupied by the Nazis and was badly damaged. In September 1943, the settlement was liberated by the troops of the Voronezh Front. Post-war reconstruction began.

In 1958, Berezan became an urban-type settlement, in 1981 it received the status of a city of regional subordination as part of the Baryshevsky district.

Since 1994, Berezan has been a city of regional subordination. Has its own coat of arms, flag and anthem.