Black Yar. Black Yar is a beautiful village in Russia Black Yar, a district town in the Astrakhan province

The city of Cherny Yar has been mentioned in the records of travelers since 1600; it stood on the banks of the Volga, north of Astrakhan, and was part of the system of southern fortresses to protect the Volga trade routes and trade caravans going from East to West. Several times, after bank collapses and fires, the city was moved half a mile away.

The founding date of Cherny Yar is 1627, it was then that the “Black Ostrog” fortress was founded, which was later moved and renamed the Chernoyarsk fortress due to a bank collapse in 1634. In 1670, a historical meeting between the troops of Stepan Razin and the Astrakhan archers took place in Cherny Yar who went over to the side of the rebels. Here, near the villages of Cherny Yar and Solodniki, the last battle of the rebels with government troops took place during the Peasant War under the leadership of Emelyan Pugachev. In 1741, the city of Cherny Yar burned down, but was rebuilt again and was surrounded by a palisade. At the beginning of the 19th century, due to intense erosion of the shore, part of the buildings of Cherny Yar collapsed, and residents had to settle further from the shore.

In 1870, a big fire broke out in Cherny Yar again when it burned out central part cities. After the fire, many brick buildings began to be erected: mansions, shops, benches, a bakery, a teahouse, and a fire tower. In 1883, on his way from Siberia to settle in Astrakhan, N.G. Chernyshevsky stopped in Black Yar. The settlement continued to develop and soon received city status, but in 1925 Cherny Yar was deprived of this status and turned into a village.

Pilgrims know the village of Cherny Yar as the place of residence of the holy schema-youth Bogolep of Chernoyarsk. According to history, the devout boy died at the age of 7 from the plague and became the protector and patron of Black Yar. After Peter I ordered his grave to be razed to the ground (due to his popularity among the Old Believers), the village residents built a stone temple and continued to worship Bogolep. Next to the church there is an ancient cemetery where Orthodox Cossacks are buried.

The village is of great value from the point of view of archeology and paleontology. In 1996, the bones of a mammoth were discovered here, in 2009 of a prehistoric bison, in 2010 of a trogontherian elephant. On this occasion, a branch of the Astrakhan Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve was opened in Black Yar, where 2,000 exhibits are presented.

Very little reliable information has been preserved about the temple. The most likely time of construction is the end of the 17th century. Before it, two or three more churches were built on the banks of the Volga, and all collapsed into the water or burned down. Next to the church there is an ancient cemetery where Orthodox Cossacks who died in the wars of the 19th and 20th centuries were buried. A military cross was installed for him.

The peculiarity of the Church of Peter and Paul is that it never closed, even in Soviet time. The cemetery church in the name of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul is interesting because its floor is made of cast iron elements, perhaps this is what saved the temple from fires and has preserved it to this day. The temple has preserved ancient floors made of pieces of cast iron, and on the trays of the dome there is a unique painting of the 18th century.

The main temple shrine is the miraculous icon of the holy youth Bogolep. According to legend, his real name was Boris Ushakov. He lived only 7 years. They pray to the youth Bogolep for the health of the children.

Address: With. Cherny Yar, st. Gagarina, 73

The local history museum of the village of Cherny Yar is a branch of the Astrakhan Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve and one of the first rural museums in the Astrakhan region. The museum building itself, built in 1824, is of great historical interest. Before the revolution of 1917, government offices were located in this white-stone two-story building, then it was converted into the district House of Culture. In 1967, on the initiative of local historian Nikifor Matyushkov, the Museum of the Defense of Black Yar in 1919 was organized here, which was later renamed the village history museum. Today, the museum presents three extensive exhibitions dedicated to the history of the village: “The history of the emergence and development of Chernoyarsk Yar”, “Natural features of the Chernoyarsk region”, “Chernoyarsk people in the Great Patriotic War”.

The exhibition, dedicated to the history and life of the village of Chernoyarskaya, allows us to trace the most important stages of the history of the village, starting with the founding of the Black Ostrog fortress in 1627. Special attention The exhibition focuses on the architectural appearance of Black Yar in the 19th century, the culture and life of the village residents. The exhibition hall demonstrates the traditional interiors of merchant and peasant houses, including the “holy corner”, a grocery store, a merchant’s living room, a rural upper room, a cook’s room, a utility yard, and a parochial school.

The “Hall of Military Glory” is dedicated to the participation of residents of the village of Cherny Yar in the military campaigns of the Great Patriotic War. The exhibition tells about the Chernoyarsk fighter battalion, in which many young girls served, about the bombing that Black Yar suffered in 1942, about the Chernoyarsk fish factory, which supplied the army and the rear with fish products during the war years. The feat of the Chernoyarsk residents who participated in the Battle of Stalingrad deserves special attention: out of 5 thousand residents of the village, no more than two thousand returned home.

In total, the museum has more than 2,000 exhibits on the nature, history and culture of the Chernoyarsk region, various thematic exhibitions are exhibited, excursions, evenings and events are held.

Address: With. Cherny Yar, pl. Lenina, 2

Black Yar is of great interest to archaeologists and paleontologists. In 1996, a resident of the village of Cherny Yar discovered mammoth bones under a cliff at the water's edge of the Volga River. In the same year, a paleontological expedition of the Astrakhan Museum-Reserve under the leadership of M.V. Golovachev was organized in Cherny Yar. Its result was the discovery of a unique mammoth skeleton that lived here 250-300 thousand years ago. She confirmed the fact that these ancient animals lived in the Astrakhan region. The restored complete skeleton of a mammoth is the main exhibit of the paleontological exhibition of the Astrakhan Museum of Local Lore. The height of the skeleton from Cherny Yar, nicknamed Musey by museum staff, is 3 meters, and the length with tusks is more than 5 meters.

In 2009, a skeleton of a prehistoric bison was found near Cherny Yar, and in 2010, scientists at the museum-reserve in the area of ​​the village of Cherny Yar again discovered fragments of the skeleton of a trogontherian elephant, or, simply, a mammoth, which were also transported to the Astrakhan museum-reserve. Also in 2009, the collection of the Astrakhan Museum-Reserve was replenished with the skull of a saiga that lived in the Black Yar region 300 thousand years ago. Paleontologists and scientists have found that the saiga has not changed at all over this period of time. Saigas are one of the few large herbivores of those times that have survived to this day. The fossilized skull of a saiga and the reconstructed skeletons of a mammoth and bison, found by paleontologists in the Black Yar region, became the most unique exhibits. Astrakhan Museum of Local Lore.

The village of Cherny Yar is located on the Volga in the Astrakhan region.

The name of the village of Cherny Yar is a combination of two words: one is native Russian – “black”, meaning dark color, and the other, Turkic – “yar”, which translates as “high steep bank washed away by the river”.

There is such a legend. The Astrakhan prince, returning by ship along the Volga from his trip to Nizhny Novgorod, was forced to make a stop. The prince and his retinue went ashore and they set up camp. The area was picturesque: a large green meadow surrounded by a birch grove, a steep bank above the Volga, against which the river water beat. The shore was so steep and high that, looking down, it seemed as if the water was completely black. The prince looked at the surroundings and said: “Let there be a settlement in this place in which people will live, and they will begin to work on this fertile land. And the name of this village will be Cherny Yar.”

There is a legend among local residents that the name of the village was given in memory of a terrible event that happened in this place a long time ago. There were several houses on the river bank in which fishermen and their families lived. Merchants passed by and carried with them many expensive goods. It was already beginning to get dark, and there were rumors that robbers had appeared in these places, so the guests decided to stop for the night in a fishing village.

The hospitable hosts fed the merchants and put them to bed. The robbers knew that the merchants were staying with fishermen and had a lot of valuables with them, so they waited until the lights in all the windows went out and the people fell asleep. The robbers attacked houses, killed many people, took away wealth, and left the bodies from the steep bank into the Volga. In the morning, the survivors looked from the shore into the water and saw that it was all black with blood, and from that time the village began to be called Cherny Yar.

For a long time in Rus', the word “black” was used to describe everything incomprehensible, mysterious, and terrible. This word was often used to define the “activities” of sorcerers and witches, the belief in which Russian people have retained to this day. Consequently, Black Yar could have received such a name because sorcerers, witches and other “servants” of Satan lived in it. This version can be confirmed by legends and beliefs that describe the intrigues of sorcerers who sold their souls to the devil and received magical powers from him, who damaged livestock and sent diseases to people, as well as stories about terrible rituals performed by priests of mysterious Slavic gods and demons etc. Chernoyarsk old-timers know a lot of legends of this kind, and that is why this place is so often visited by tourists and research expeditions.

Cherny Yar is also notable for the fact that it is located in a very picturesque places on the banks of the Volga. Locals They are actively engaged in fishing, catching pike, catfish, roach and even such rare fish as sterlet. Local residents claim that A.N. once stayed in this village. Ostrovsky, who since childhood was a big fan of traveling along the Volga.

Geography

The village is located on the right bank of the Volga, 250 km northwest of Astrakhan.

Story

Founded in 1627 on the left bank of the Volga as a fortress to protect the Volga trade route with the name “Black Ostrog”. Seven years later it was moved to the right (mountain) bank and located on a high ravine. From that time on it received the name Black Yar.

When the fortress was moved to the other side of the Volga in 1634, the Nogais living nearby called the new settlement Yankala("New town").

In 1638, the governor of Chorny Yar was Ivan Chernitsa Ivanov, son of Levontev

In the 19th century, the Cossack population of the city made up the village Chernoyarsk Astrakhan army.

People from Cherny Yar were among the first 13 families who founded the village of Nikolskoye, now the city of Ussuriysk in the Primorsky Territory.

Chronology

• 1627 - foundation of the Black Ostrog fortress.
• 1634 - the fortress was moved to its modern location (due to the collapse of the bank). The fortress received a new name - Chernoyarsk.
• 1708 - Black Yar was assigned to Astrakhan under the name “suburb” as part of the Kazan province.
• 1717 - Black Yar became part of the newly formed Astrakhan province.
• 1721 - all the archers of the city were converted to Cossacks.
• 1769 - civil rule was introduced in the fortress.
• 1782 - the city of Cherny Yar was transferred to the Saratov province.
• 1785 - the city of Cherny Yar was again included in the Astrakhan province and became the center of the Chernoyarsk district.
• 1873 - The Chernoyarsk city Cossack team was transformed into the Chernoyarsk village. The main occupation of the village residents is agriculture, cattle breeding, and fishing.
• 1897 - 4,226 people live in the city, Russians (by native language) - 4,015, Kalmyks - 87, Ukrainians - 56.
• 1899 - 7642 people lived in the city of Black Yar: 5129 townspeople, 1004 Cossacks, 174 Kalmyks.
• 1919 - Black Yar was transferred to the Tsaritsyn province.
• 1925 - Black Yar was deprived of its city status and turned into a village.
• 1928 - the village was included in the Astrakhan district from the Stalingrad province (in connection with the formation of the district).
• 1931 - the village was transferred to the Stalingrad region.
• 1947 - the village was included in the Chernoyarsk Village Council of the Astrakhan Region from the Stalingrad Region.
• 1963 - as part of the Chernoyarsk village council, it was included in the Enotaevsky district of the Astrakhan region.
• 1964 - as part of the Chernoyarsk village council, included in the Chernoyarsk district ( district center) Astrakhan region.

Population

Population dynamics

Famous compatriots

• Bogolep of Chernoyarsk - holy youth-schema-monk.
• Kosich, Andrey Ivanovich - Lieutenant General.
• Babkina, Nadezhda Georgievna - singer.

Photo gallery

Road sign on the M-6 highway.

Chyorny Yar 2016 2.jpg

Chyorny Yar 2016 3.jpg

Stop "Black Yar" on the M-6 highway.

Chyorny Yar 4.jpg

View of the village of Cherny Yar from the M-6 highway.

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Notes

Links

• // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.

Excerpt characterizing Black Yar

Along the lanes of Khamovniki, the prisoners walked alone with their convoy and carts and wagons that belonged to the guards and were driving behind them; but, going out to the supply stores, they found themselves in the middle of a huge, closely moving artillery convoy, mixed with private carts.
At the bridge itself, everyone stopped, waiting for those traveling in front to advance. From the bridge, the prisoners saw endless rows of other moving convoys behind and ahead. To the right, where the Kaluga road curved past Neskuchny, disappearing into the distance, stretched endless rows of troops and convoys. These were the troops of the Beauharnais corps who came out first; back, along the embankment and across the Stone Bridge, Ney's troops and convoys stretched.
Davout's troops, to which the prisoners belonged, marched through the Crimean Ford and had already partly entered Kaluzhskaya Street. But the convoys were so stretched out that the last convoys of Beauharnais had not yet left Moscow for Kaluzhskaya Street, and the head of Ney’s troops was already leaving Bolshaya Ordynka.
Having passed the Crimean Ford, the prisoners moved a few steps at a time and stopped, and moved again, and on all sides the crews and people became more and more embarrassed. After walking for more than an hour the few hundred steps that separate the bridge from Kaluzhskaya Street, and reaching the square where Zamoskvoretsky streets meet Kaluzhskaya, the prisoners, squeezed into a heap, stopped and stood at this intersection for several hours. From all sides one could hear the incessant rumble of wheels, the trampling of feet, and incessant angry screams and curses, like the sound of the sea. Pierre stood pressed against the wall of the burnt house, listening to this sound, which in his imagination merged with the sounds of a drum.
Several captured officers, in order to get a better view, climbed onto the wall of the burnt house near which Pierre stood.
- To the people! Eka people!.. And they piled on the guns! Look: furs... - they said. “Look, you bastards, they robbed me... It’s behind him, on a cart... After all, this is from an icon, by God!.. These must be Germans.” And our man, by God!.. Oh, scoundrels!.. Look, he’s loaded down, he’s walking with force! Here they come, the droshky - and they captured it!.. See, he sat down on the chests. Fathers!.. We got into a fight!..
- So hit him in the face, in the face! You won't be able to wait until evening. Look, look... and this is probably Napoleon himself. You see, what horses! in monograms with a crown. This is a folding house. He dropped the bag and can't see it. They fought again... A woman with a child, and not bad at all. Yes, of course, they will let you through... Look, there is no end. Russian girls, by God, girls! They are so comfortable in the strollers!
Again, a wave of general curiosity, as near the church in Khamovniki, pushed all the prisoners towards the road, and Pierre, thanks to his height, saw over the heads of others what had so attracted the curiosity of the prisoners. In three strollers, mixed between the charging boxes, women rode, sitting closely on top of each other, dressed up, in bright colors, rouged, shouting something in squeaky voices.
From the moment Pierre became aware of the appearance of a mysterious force, nothing seemed strange or scary to him: not the corpse smeared with soot for fun, not these women hurrying somewhere, not the conflagrations of Moscow. Everything that Pierre now saw made almost no impression on him - as if his soul, preparing for a difficult struggle, refused to accept impressions that could weaken it.
The train of women has passed. Behind him were again carts, soldiers, wagons, soldiers, decks, carriages, soldiers, boxes, soldiers, and occasionally women.
Pierre did not see people separately, but saw them moving.
All these people and horses seemed to be being chased by some invisible force. All of them, during the hour during which Pierre observed them, emerged from different streets with the same desire to pass quickly; All of them equally, when confronted with others, began to get angry and fight; white teeth were bared, eyebrows frowned, the same curses were thrown around, and on all faces there was the same youthfully determined and cruelly cold expression, which struck Pierre in the morning at the sound of a drum on the corporal’s face.
Just before evening, the guard commander gathered his team and, shouting and arguing, squeezed into the convoys, and the prisoners, surrounded on all sides, went out onto the Kaluga road.
They walked very quickly, without resting, and stopped only when the sun began to set. The convoys moved one on top of the other, and people began to prepare for the night. Everyone seemed angry and unhappy. For a long time, curses, angry screams and fights were heard from different sides. The carriage driving behind the guards approached the guards' carriage and pierced it with its drawbar. Several soldiers from different directions ran to the cart; some hit the heads of the horses harnessed to the carriage, turning them over, others fought among themselves, and Pierre saw that one German was seriously wounded in the head with a cleaver.
It seemed that all these people were now experiencing, when they stopped in the middle of a field in the cold twilight of an autumn evening, the same feeling of an unpleasant awakening from the haste that gripped everyone as they left and the rapid movement somewhere. Having stopped, everyone seemed to understand that it was still unknown where they were going, and that this movement would be a lot of hard and difficult things.
The prisoners at this halt were treated even worse by the guards than during the march. At this halt, for the first time, the meat food of the prisoners was given out as horse meat.
From the officers to the last soldier, it was noticeable in everyone what seemed like a personal bitterness against each of the prisoners, which had so unexpectedly replaced previously friendly relations.
This anger intensified even more when, when counting the prisoners, it turned out that during the bustle, leaving Moscow, one Russian soldier, pretending to be sick from the stomach, fled. Pierre saw how a Frenchman beat a Russian soldier for moving far from the road, and heard how the captain, his friend, reprimanded the non-commissioned officer for the escape of the Russian soldier and threatened him with justice. In response to the non-commissioned officer's excuse that the soldier was sick and could not walk, the officer said that he had been ordered to shoot those who lag behind. Pierre felt that the fatal force that had crushed him during his execution and which had been invisible during captivity had now again taken possession of his existence. He was scared; but he felt how, as the fatal force made efforts to crush him, a life force independent of it grew and strengthened in his soul.

 

Coordinates: N48 4.35 E46 6.972.

The village of Cherny Yar is located on the right bank of the Lower Volga, in the north of the Astrakhan region. The date of foundation is 1627, it was then that the “Black Ostrog” fortress was founded, which was later moved and renamed the Chernoyarsk fortress due to the collapse of the coast in 1634.

In 1670, in Cherny Yar, a historic meeting between Stepan Razin’s troops and the Astrakhan archers, who went over to the side of the rebels, took place. Here, near the villages of Cherny Yar and Solodniki, the last battle of the rebels with government troops took place during the Peasant War under the leadership of Emelyan Pugachev. In 1741, the city of Cherny Yar burned down, but was rebuilt again and was surrounded by a palisade. At the beginning of the 19th century, due to intense erosion of the shore, part of the buildings of Cherny Yar collapsed, and residents had to settle further from the shore.

In 1870, there was another big fire in Cherny Yar, when the central part of the city burned out. After the fire, many brick buildings began to be erected. Mansions, shops, shops, a bakery, a teahouse, and a fire tower were built from brick.

In 1883, on his way from Siberia to settle in Astrakhan, N.G. Chernyshevsky stopped in Black Yar.

The settlement continued to develop and soon received city status, but in 1925 Cherny Yar was deprived of this status and turned into a village.

Fans of People's Artist of Russia Nadezhda Babkina know that she was born in the village of Cherny Yar.

Here is the Peter and Paul Church, built in 1741-1750. So this is one of the oldest buildings Astrakhan region. Pilgrims know the village of Cherny Yar as the place of residence of the holy schema-youth Bogolep of Chernoyarsk. According to history, the devout boy died at the age of 7 from the plague and became the protector and patron of Black Yar. After Peter I ordered his grave to be razed to the ground (due to his popularity among the Old Believers), the village residents built a stone temple and continued to worship Bogolep.

Next to the church there is an ancient cemetery where both Orthodox Cossacks and those who died not so long ago are buried. The peculiarity of the Church of Peter and Paul is that it was never closed, even during Soviet times.

Cherny Yar is also of interest to archaeologists and paleontologists. In 1996, a resident of the village of Cherny Yar discovered mammoth bones under a cliff at the water's edge of the Volga River. In the same year, a paleontological expedition of the Astrakhan Museum-Reserve under the leadership of M.V. Golovachev was organized in Cherny Yar. The result of the expedition to Black Yar was a unique skeleton of a mammoth that lived here 250-300 thousand years ago. This Chernoyarsk find confirmed the fact that these ancient animals lived in the Astrakhan region. The restored complete skeleton of a mammoth is the main exhibit of the paleontological exhibition of the Astrakhan Museum of Local Lore. The height of the skeleton from Black Yar, nicknamed Musey by museum staff, is 3 meters, and the length with tusks is 5 meters and 10 centimeters.

But the discoveries didn’t stop there. In 2009, a skeleton of a prehistoric bison was found near Cherny Yar, and in 2010, scientists at the museum-reserve in the area of ​​the village of Cherny Yar again discovered fragments of the skeleton of a trogontherian elephant, or, simply, a mammoth, which were transported to the Astrakhan museum-reserve.

Also in 2009, the collection of the Astrakhan Museum-Reserve was replenished with the skull of a saiga that lived in the Black Yar region 300 thousand years ago. Paleontologists and scientists have found that the saiga has not changed at all over this period of time. Saigas are one of the few large herbivores of those times that have survived to this day. They survived mammoth and woolly rhinoceros, wild horses and aurochs.

Employees of the Astrakhan Museum of Local Lore plan to expand the paleontological exhibition after the completion of major renovations of the building. The exhibition will occupy three huge halls. The reconstructed skeletons of a mammoth and bison, found by paleontologists in the Black Yar region, will become the most impressive exhibits. A fossilized saiga skull will also take its place in the exhibition.

Of course, the village of Cherny Yar also has its own local history museum– branch of the Astrakhan Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve. The Chernoyarsk Museum houses three exhibitions: “History of the emergence and development of Chernoyarsk Yar”, “Natural features of the Chernoyarsk region”, “Chernoyarsk people in the Great Patriotic War”. Currently, the museum has 2,000 exhibits on the nature, history and culture of the Chernoyarsk region, various thematic exhibitions are exhibited, excursions, evenings and events are held.