Thermal springs in Kyrgyzstan. Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan: Vacations and Resorts
The nomadic past of the Kyrgyz is clearly visible in their folk customs and rituals. The yurt is still a deeply revered form of housing. Even today, all festive ceremonies are simply unthinkable without this ancient dwelling; even the flag of the republic is decorated with the image of a “tunduk” - the central circle of the yurt, on which the poles holding it cross. Yurts have always been considered both a symbol of the social status of the owner and the main example of folk traditions. The construction and settlement of any yurt here was accompanied by a huge number of rituals and ceremonies.
The yurt is maximally optimized for a nomadic lifestyle - the wooden frame and felt covering can easily be disassembled into separate packs, which can be easily transported on camels or horses (and in mountainous areas - on yaks). And it is just as easy to assemble on a new encampment (“ail”) - the lattice walls of the “kerege” are lined up in a circle, resting on “uuk” poles. The upper parts of the poles are inserted into the holes of the central circle and secured with belts or ropes. The same collapsible door frame "barefoot" with a double door "kaalga" is installed. Then this entire structure is covered with a mat and felt mats, and the floor is covered with leather, woven mats, “altygat” (several layers of felt, covered on one side with fabric, spread under the bed) and carpets made of fur or felt. Carpets, embroidered hanging shelves “sekichek”, handbags “kuzgu-kap”, woven woolen bags “ayak-kap” are hung on the walls, and chests are placed on the floor in which utensils and clothes are stored. To the left of the entrance to the yurt is the men's half of the "er-zhak", at the entrance to which horse harnesses, weapons and hunting tools are hung. On the right is the female half of the "epchi-zhak", where the kitchen was located, as well as chests with clothes and food. In the center of the yurt there was an obligatory “kolomto” fireplace, and the yurt was lit with the help of an ordinary “chirak” lamp filled with fat. The design of the yurt is individual for each tribal group or family, and considerable attention was paid to the artistic component - the richness of the yurt’s design served as a sign of the owner’s social status as well as the vastness of his herds. The most honorable place in the yurt - the "tor", was located directly opposite the entrance, at the hearth, where there is a "juk" (a low bench on which chests are placed and covered with carpets). Usually the owner or the elder of the clan was located here, and guests were received here.
Rich Kyrgyz usually had a whole set of large and small yurts - a small yurt "Ashkan-uy" (kitchen and pantry), temporary yurts - "meiman-uy" (living rooms), "erge" (wedding yurt), yurts for the second and third wife , yurts for married sons and so on. They differed from the yurts of ordinary Kirghiz in their quality, beauty and decoration.
With the gradual transition to a sedentary lifestyle, adobe houses appeared, which have been preserved almost everywhere in provincial areas, and the traditions of their construction are still alive. The house was built on the same principle as a yurt, although in some areas there is a clear influence of Uzbek and Russian traditions. A door was placed on a usually shallow foundation and walls were erected from “kysh” brick, “pakhsa” or “guvalyak” clay, and covered with a flat or gable roof made of logs and straw coated with clay. The internal layout usually followed the structure of a yurt, but due to the noticeably larger area, the kitchen ("ashkona", usually right at the entrance), the living room, dining room and bedroom in one ("meimankana") and the indispensable open terrace ("ivan") stood out. A characteristic feature of the Kyrgyz house is the abundance of chests and wall niches, replacing both furniture and bedrooms for children. Often the niches are covered with decorative panels "tush-kiyiz", suzani or carpets.
Kyrgyz carpets are a topic for a separate discussion. This is both the main element of the interior, and one of the main aesthetic moments of the country, and evidence of its ancient history. Kyrgyz felt carpets "syrmak" and "tekemet", as well as "koshma", "tushkiis", "bashtiyks", "shyrdak", "tush-kiyiz" and "ala-kiyiz" are noticeably different from the carpets of other Central Asian republics. They are made from sheep's wool and for the most part are not woven, but felted - their main material is felt. They are then embroidered with colorful embroidery using traditional folklore and decorative elements, which usually takes several weeks. But such a carpet usually lasts for more than 40 years. The same principle is used to make fabrics for traditional bags, sacks, saddle bags, as well as for decorative items. Keel pile carpets and other pile products have no less ancient origins, but are much less common due to their higher cost. You can also still find such ancient examples of traditional crafts as mats ("chiy", "chygdyn", "ashkan-chiy") and hinged doors ("eshik-chiy") made of lake reed.
Kyrgyz national clothing has remained virtually unchanged for 700 years. Both men's and women's underwear usually consists of a shirt and trousers. A men's shirt usually resembles a tunic, has a length just below the waist and long sleeves that cover the hands. Men's trousers "jargakshim" are made of wool, cotton, suede and even leather. The women's undershirt is long and sewn like a regular dress, and over it is worn a long and wide "beshmant" ("kamzur") shirt, which also serves as a dress, and long trousers. Belts served and serve as an indicator of the social status of the owner - elegant or embroidered, with silver patterned plaques and buckles, handbags and wallets show the wealth of the wearer. Everyday belts, like the belts of the poor, are usually a simple long leather belt, or a scarf wrapped around the belt, which often has a rather colorful appearance. Men's outerwear consists of a felt robe without lining or quilted robes "kementai", which are called depending on the fabric from which they are made - "pashay-ton", "kymkap-ton", "zarbarak-ton", etc. In winter, a fur coat or a “tone” sheepskin sheepskin coat is worn over the robe. Women wear a short or long sleeveless vest, a kind of camisole with short sleeves, a robe, and in winter, an “ichik” fur coat. Distinctive elements of married women's clothing are the swing skirt "beldemchi" and the turban "elechek", and the common element is skullcaps and fur hats (the headdresses of unmarried girls are usually decorated more fancifully and richly). Moreover, skullcaps created in different regions differ in shape, ornament and color scheme. Kyrgyz girls do not wear a headscarf before marriage, but after marriage they tie multi-colored scarves around their heads. Older women often cover their faces with a white silk burqa. The national symbol of the country is the “ak-kalpak” hat made of thin white felt with black flaps turned up. They also wear skull caps and national fur hats, trimmed with fur and decorated with feathers - “tebetei”.
Men's shoes consist of leather boots, leather galoshes with heels and soft boots, women's - colored boots with heels, often ornamented, as well as sandals and peculiar slippers without heels.
By the middle of the 20th century, traditional clothing began to give way to European costume; everywhere you can find people dressed in the latest fashion. However, the famous Kyrgyz robes, embroidery, metal and leather work, traditional headdresses and carpets are still much more popular than European innovations, especially in the provinces.
In a large Kyrgyz family, usually consisting of several generations of relatives living together, there is a strict hierarchy. Relationships in the home are built on the basis of unconditional submission to the head of the family and respect for elders. One of the traditional forms of the country's social structure is the custom of neighborly mutual assistance "Ashara" ("Hashar"). If a family is in dire need, then all relatives and neighbors come to its aid.
The marriageable age for a girl was previously considered to be 13-14 years old; nowadays, quite European norms prevail here, although cases of early marriage are not uncommon. The relations between the relatives of the bride and groom, and subsequently husband and wife, among the Kyrgyz are distinguished by emphasized attention, and even in bad relations you can always count on mutual assistance. Children are also universally loved, and the naming of a name is given special importance, since it is believed that the name will determine the future of the child and can influence his fate.
Islam plays a large role in the social and family life of the Kyrgyz people. Religion has determined and determines everyday, family and ideological aspects of life, and has a strong influence on political processes and art, on the entire way of life. After the Kyrgyz adopted Islam, many pre-Islamic customs and rituals either underwent significant changes or were supplanted by the traditional rituals of Islam, but many merged with the new canons and organically wove into the modern life of the country. The obligatory acts of the Kyrgyz throughout life include reading the funeral prayer ("zhanaza"), absolution of sins ("dooron"), fulfilling all five commandments of Islam ("parz"), fasting during the month of Ramadan, praying five times a day at a certain time ("namaz"), performing "orozo-ait" and "kurman-ait", as well as voluntary deduction of part of the money in favor of the poor or for charitable causes ("zakat"). A special role is played by rituals associated with the birth and raising of children, marriage, weddings, cooking and others. They often represent an interweaving of Islamic rituals with more ancient forms associated with magical practice. Clerics enjoy special respect here and participate in almost all events in the country. At the same time, the Kyrgyz cannot be called fanatical Muslims - despite all the diversity of local life, there is always a lot of secularism in it, and the religious tolerance of the local residents is widely known outside the country. Storytellers and singers ("akins" or "akyns") of folk ballads and legends are highly respected. After the name of the traditional folk epic, the most respected of them are called “manaschi”.
One of the unshakable traditions of local life is hospitality. The Kyrgyz say “Konoktuu go away kut bar” - “The guest is the grace of the home.” Since ancient times, everyone whose path passed through a Kyrgyz village did not leave it without sharing food and shelter with the owners. Shepherds of high mountain pastures are especially sensitive to this custom, however, even in the cities, no one has heard of a lack of respect for the guest. It is not customary here to refuse an invitation to lunch or dinner. The owners meet respected guests at the gate, say hello, are interested in business and life, and invite them to come into the house. It is not customary for the Kyrgyz to immediately ask questions or ask about the purpose of the visit - first the conversation and the table, and then everything else. The simplest thing for a person unfamiliar with local customs is to follow the owner’s instructions. Humor and polite attitude towards all participants in the feast are greatly appreciated. Women usually do not sit at the same table with men, but in urban environments this rule often does not apply. At the table it is not customary to admire the beauty of women and pay close attention to them. But it is quite appropriate to inquire about the affairs of the family and the well-being of its members. When going to visit, it is advisable to take with you small souvenirs or sweets for children. Any meal here begins and ends with tea. First, sweets, pastries, dried fruits and nuts, fruits and vegetables, salads are served on the table, then snacks come, and only at the end - pilaf or other “heavy food”. There must be hot cakes on the table, which under no circumstances should be turned over. Dropping a piece of cake on the ground or even just putting it there, even wrapped in cloth or paper, is also considered a bad omen.
Tea and the tea ceremony occupy a significant place in Kyrgyz life and everyday life. Brewing this truly main drink of the country, as well as pouring it to guests, is the prerogative of men, first of all, the owner of the house. Tea is brewed differently in different regions of the country. The recipes for its preparation also differ markedly. The teahouse is as unshakable an element of local traditions as tea itself. Public life here centers on mosques, the bazaar and, naturally, the teahouse. Here they simply communicate and negotiate, relax and share news, have breakfast and lunch, discuss the problems of life and the world order. The teahouse's decor is quite traditional - low tables are surrounded by equally low, and always carpeted, sofas. The rituals that accompany tea drinking are quite complex and incomprehensible to the uninitiated, so it’s easier to observe the locals and do as they do - you can be sure that they will also appreciate such a respectful attitude towards their customs.
Despite strong Islamic traditions, most Kyrgyz drink alcohol freely, at least with guests. If you do not drink strong alcoholic drinks, mainly vodka, warn about this in advance, no one will impose anything here. During Ramadan, it is not recommended to drink alcoholic beverages, at least not openly.
In communication, the Kyrgyz are usually quite simple and democratic. Many consider them naive, but this is greatly exaggerated - local residents are simply accustomed to trusting people, this is a centuries-old tradition that a guest should not violate. It is customary to shake hands with everyone, even strangers and police officers (except women). During a handshake, people are traditionally interested in health, the state of affairs at work and at home. It is customary to greet women and persons sitting at a distance by placing the right hand to the heart and politely bowing. Greetings several times a day, even with people you know well, is quite a common rule.
When entering a house or teahouse, you should take off your shoes. The clothing style is quite democratic, but when visiting places of worship, you should not wear overly revealing or short clothes. No matter what, it is not recommended to wear shorts, especially in rural areas.
Monday is considered the happiest day among the Kyrgyz - all activities started on this day are considered to be the most successful.
Not a single national holiday or celebration is complete without sports competitions, of which the most popular are the tug-of-war “arkan-tartmai” and “arkan-tartyshuu”, belt wrestling “kuresh”, “at-chabysh” - long horse races (usually 20 -30 km) distances, "Dzhorgo-Salysh" - 2-10 km races, jumping shooting "Dzhamby-Atmai", equestrian wrestling "oodarysh", goat wrestling "Ulak-Tartysh" or "Kok-Boru" (equestrian wrestling for goat carcass), the “kyz-kuumai” (“catch up with the girl”) races and the “tiyin-enmei” competition, during which participants must pick up a small coin from a shallow hole in the ground at full gallop. Many celebrations begin and end with song competitions “aytysh” or “sarmerden”.
The earliest known inhabitants of this territory are the warlike tribes of the Sakas (Scythian group), who inhabited the foothills of the Tien Shan from the 6th century BC. e to the 5th century AD e. The troops of Alexander the Great met here the most fierce resistance during his campaign in Sogdiana. The first state formations on the territory of modern Kyrgyzstan arose in the 2nd century BC. e., when the southern regions of the country became part of the state of Parkan. Since the 6th century AD. e. the territory comes under the control of Turkic tribes, and in the 8th-10th centuries AD. e. the ancestors of modern Kyrgyz people move to the shores of Lake Issyk-Kul from somewhere in the upper reaches of the Yenisei (the issue of the origin of the local ethnic group is still one of the most controversial and complex in the ethnic history of Central Asia). In the 13th century, the empire of Genghis Khan extended here, and after his death, the lands along the Tien Shan ranges passed into the possession of his son Chagatai. In 1685, the Oirats of the Dzungar Khanate invaded the region of the Central Tien Shan, occupying the modern territory of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. After the fall of Dzungaria, the territory fell under the protectorate of China, and in the 18th century the feudal lords of Kokand began to lay claim to these lands. By the end of the 18th century, the territory of the southern, and at the beginning of the 20th century, the northern part of Kyrgyzstan became part of the Kokand Khanate. In 1855-1863 the northern part of the country voluntarily joins the Russian Empire, and in 1876, after the defeat of the Kokand Khanate, southern Kyrgyzstan was conquered. In 1924, the Kara-Kyrgyz Autonomous Region was founded as part of the RSFSR, and in 1936 - the Kirghiz SSR. In 1991, due to the collapse of the USSR, the independence of Kyrgyzstan was proclaimed.
The geographical location and natural resources of Kyrgyzstan determined its central position in the zone of developed Central Asian civilization. Since ancient times, the country has been a pass on busy trade routes between the West and the East. Today, the development of tourism on the ancient Great Silk Road is not only a tribute to the rich history of the country, but also the discovery of half-forgotten pages of the past of the entire human civilization. Many travelers find Kyrgyzstan the most attractive, accessible and friendly region of all the Central Asian republics, especially given the presence of beautiful natural monuments - the Central Tien Shan and Pamir-Alai, the most beautiful mountains of Central Asia.
Bishkek
Bishkek (Pishpek, from 1926 to 1991 - Frunze) lies in the northern part of the country, in the Chu Valley at the foot of the Kyrgyz ridge. The city was founded in 1868-1878. on the site of the ancient fort Jul, built by the Kokand people and destroyed in 1862 by Russian troops, on the banks of the Ala-Archa and Alamedin rivers. Now it is the capital and largest industrial center of Kyrgyzstan, its political, cultural and educational “heart”, as well as the only city in the world named after a wooden household tool (“Bishkek” can be translated as “butter churn” or “kumiss stick”). This is a modern city with wide streets and beautiful buildings, which compares favorably with many other cities in the region, since it was immediately built according to a European plan. It is also one of the greenest cities in the CIS, the largest city in Kyrgyzstan and one of the most multinational capitals of the continent (representatives of more than 80 ethnic groups and peoples live here).
There are no historical buildings in the city at all, due to its relatively young age. But people settled in this place back in the Bronze Age, so the Bishkek land is fraught with many historical mysteries. Almost on the territory of residential areas, in the north-eastern part of the city, there is the fortified settlement "Forge Fortress" (VII-XIV centuries, now the fortress area is quite unsightly), the "Pishpek settlement" (VII-XII centuries) and the ruins of the Pishpek fortress.
On the wide Sovetskaya Street lined with shady trees, the Kyrgyz State Opera and Ballet Theater named after A. Moldybaev, the Chernyshevsky Library and the State Art Museum are located. Also worthy of attention are the "Old Square" and the Historical Museum located on it, the Abdulkasym madrasah, the mass grave in Oak Park, the Manas complex, Panfilov Park and its fountains, the Krupskaya Russian Drama Theater and the Kyrgyz State Drama Theater, the Historical Museum, the Museum of Fine Arts Arts, State Memorial Museum named after Frunze, Kyrgyz State Historical Museum, National Museum of Fine Arts named after Aitiev, Museum of A. Tokombaev, Museum of Literature and Art of Toktogul, Zoological Museum, and Museum of Mineralogy. The city's cultural attractions also include the City Drama Theater, the Satylganov State Philharmonic, the Academy of Arts and the Bishkek Drama Theater. Also worthy of attention are the Oak and Central parks - a vast green area on the territory of which there are several museums, including an open-air sculptural exhibition scattered among the park alleys and lawns.
The outskirts of the capital, lying within the beautiful Chui Valley, are famous for their mountain rivers and extremely diverse natural-territorial complexes, whose altitudinal zonation is visible here even with the naked eye. In the vicinity of the capital there are such natural sites as the beautiful Chunkurchak gorge in the upper reaches of the Alamedin River, the nearby Alamedin thermal water deposit, the Chon-Aryk State Botanical Reserve in the Besh-Kungey tract, the picturesque natural gorges of Kara-Balta, Aspara, Djilamish and Kegeti with its famous waterfall The historical monuments of the Chui Valley itself are also diverse - the Krasnorechenskoye settlement (38 km north of the city, X-XII centuries) with the ruins of Zoroastrian buildings, the ruins of the ancient city of Balasagun (Kuz-Ordu) - the historical and cultural zone "Burana" (50 km from the capital) with the famous “Buran Tower” (height 21 m, 11th century), the ancient settlement of Ak-Beshim (ruins of the city of Suyab - the capital of the Western Turkic Khaganate and the state of the Karluks, XIII-XV centuries) with its medieval complex of Christian churches, burial mounds, ruins of an ancient Chumysh fortress (IX-X centuries) and numerous rock paintings on the rocks of the same name around it. Also attractive are the Turt-Kul settlement, the Issyk-Ata petroglyphs with the image of Buddha (VII-VIII centuries), the natural and historical-cultural monuments of Issyk-Ata, Shamshy (Shamsy), Chon-Kemin and Ak-Suu, which are among the monuments of universal meanings.
Nowhere else in Central Asia are there so many outlets of medicinal waters as in the Chui Valley. The Ak-Suiskoye mineral water deposit is located in the gorge of the same name, 80 km southwest of the village of Belovodskoye. The local mineral water is similar in its chemical composition to the mineral water of the famous Siberian resort of Dara-Suna. Also important are the Shabyr hydrothermal well, Kamyshanovskoye and Lugovskoye low-mineralized hydrogen sulfide deposits of medicinal mud, as well as 130 thermal springs of the resort town of Issyk-Ata (the first hydropathic clinics appeared here in the 2nd century AD). Among the juniper forests and alpine meadows of the Chui Valley there are also attractive recreation areas, such as the Chon-Tash ski and sports base (about 25 km from the capital) and the river of the same name with steep and picturesque banks, the Kairak plateau, the upper and lower Tatyr basins, the Koguchken-Sugat waterfall , thermal springs of Alamedin (8 km above the "Wolf Gate") and the sanatorium-preventorium "Warm Keys" located on them, glaciers of the Ken-Tor valley, the most beautiful tracts of Kara-Bulak, Tash-Bashat, Norus, Ooru-Sai, Bir-Bulak (Crimson Gorge) and Toguz-Bulak, the Kairak plateau, the Kara-Unkur caves and the Kol-Ter glacier, the rocks of the “Alamedin Walls”, the Wolf Gate gorge, through which the Alamedin River breaks through into the expanses of the Baytik Valley and Mount Uluu-Too (Botvey , 4009 m).
Ala-Archa
The valley of the Ala-Archa River is one of the main attractions in the vicinity of Bishkek. Here, in a narrow valley of a generally ordinary mountain river, there is concentrated so many stunningly beautiful landscapes, waterfalls and unusual rock forms, so rich in flora and fauna that many consider this area a real symbol of the Kyrgyz ridge (Ala-Too). Almost the entire valley is included in the Ala-Archa National Park, which protects the relict juniper forests of mountainous Asia, found almost nowhere else, as well as the richest fauna of the mountainous regions of the Tien Shan - ibex, elik (roe deer), snowcocks ( mountain turkey), chukars (stone partridge), squirrels, hares, wild boars, foxes, badgers, stoats, porcupines and martens, as well as the handsome snow leopard, listed in the Red Book. Nearby is the village of Baytik, named in memory of the national hero of the country who lived in the 51st century - Kanai uulu Baytik (Baitik-baatyr). On the slope of a snow-white mountain is his grave - Baitik-Kumbez, which is a historical monument and a place of pilgrimage for Kyrgyz people and guests of the country. Here, nearby, there are many alpine camps, serving as a starting point for numerous hiking and horseback riding routes in the surrounding mountains, as well as several ski resorts, which serve as the main recreation area for residents of the capital all year round. The mountain slopes of the Tien Shan create excellent conditions for skiing. Sports centers are quite numerous, but the level of service is low, and the recreation infrastructure is relatively poorly developed. Along the bed of the Kashka-Suu River, a tributary of the Ala-Archa River, in the tract of the same name, there are 4 ski resorts for winter skiing enthusiasts. Around Bishkek, as well as in the gorges of Aspara, Jilamish, Kara-Balta and Kegeti, ski resorts are more modern and accessible.
Talas
In the north-east of the country, in the Talas region, colossal canyons cut into the walls of the Talas range by numerous local rivers, dozens of beautiful lakes and cascades of waterfalls are of great interest to tourists. In the upper reaches of the Talas River there are the famous Ken-Kol burial grounds (1st millennium AD), as well as the Kumbez-Manas mausoleum (14th century), the Manas Museum-Reserve and the mosque, which form the Manas-Ordosu National Historical and Cultural Complex ". In the upper reaches of the Aflatun gorge there is a state reserve of the same name, protecting the endemic Semenov fir.
Issyk-Kul
There are about two thousand high-mountain lakes on the territory of Kyrgyzstan, but the pearl of the country and the entire Tien Shan is considered to be Lake Issyk-Kul or Issyk-Kel (translated from Kyrgyz - “hot lake”, from ancient Turkic - “sacred lake”) with an area of 6236 sq. . km with a maximum depth of 702 m. The first mention of Issyk-Kul is found in Chinese chronicles of the late 2nd century BC, where it is called Zhe-Hai (“warm sea”). The lake lies in the northeast of Kyrgyzstan, at an altitude of 1606.7 m above sea level, in a vast tectonic basin formed more than 50 million years ago. Directly adjacent to the lake is a narrow lakeside plain, dissected by the channels of many rivers (about 80). The basin is surrounded in a ring by the Terskey-Ala-Too (“facing the sun”) and Kyungoy-Ala-Too (“facing the sun”) ridges, rising to heights of 4500-5000 m. The ring of mountains seems to protect the lake basin from the penetration of cold air from the north and hot air from the deserts of Central Asia, because the climate here is quite mild, which turns Issyk-Kul into one of the largest resorts in Central Asia. The water temperature in summer reaches +24 C, in winter - +4 C (this is the source of origin of his name). The swimming season lasts 6 months, and outdoor recreation is possible all year round.
The cleanest rivers flowing from the mountains constantly replenish the lake basin, but the water in Issyk-Kul itself is salty (5.8 ppm at the surface, up to 18 in the depths), which, coupled with the unique mineral composition of local rivers, gives the lake’s never-freezing water a thick blue color . At the same time, depending on the place and time of day, the color of the water can change from soft blue to dark blue tones. And the transparency of the water in the open part of the reservoir reaches 12-16 m. The beauty of the lake is simply amazing; P.P. Semenov-Tien-Shansky compared it with Lake Geneva in Switzerland, and gave preference to Issyk-Kul. The coastline of the lake is quite indented - there are about 20 picturesque bays and bays. Crystal clear water, mineral springs, combined with a mountainous and at the same time mild, almost marine climate, create unique conditions for a resort holiday with mud and thermal treatment.
A whole string of resort towns and villages stretches around the lake, many of which had all-Union importance and popularity during the Soviet era. The best resorts are Cholpon-Ata on the northern shore (it was once a resort of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kyrgyzstan, now the Museum of Local Lore is interesting here), Karakol with its wooden Orthodox Church of the Holy Trinity, a wooden Dungan mosque and the Przhevalsky Museum is the best starting point for exploring the lakeside and surrounding areas mountainous areas, the towns of Tyup, Ottuk, Balykchi (Rybachye) and others. Also good are the famous Altyn-Arashan gorge (located 30 km east of Karakol at an altitude of 3000 m) with its beautiful landscapes and hot springs, the nearby Issyk-Ata mineral water deposit (77 km southeast of Bishkek), the Kumtor gold mines (southern the coast of Issyk-Kul), the majestic Jolbors gorge, the cliffs of the Jety-Oguz canyon, the Boom gorge with its fantastic red rocks and the waterfall in the Barskaun gorge (the height of the waterfall is about 100 m).
On the territory of the Issykul region there are about 1,500 historical monuments, of which 320 are under state protection. The most significant of them include the Saka “Royal Mound” (VII century BC - II century AD) near the village of Kurmenty, the Kok-Bulak and Karashar burial grounds (in total about a thousand burials of the Usun tribes), covered with Tibetan religious inscriptions on the Tamga-Tash stone (VI-I centuries BC), a cluster of petroglyphs (II millennium BC - 8th century AD) near Cholpon-Ata and further along the coast to Tamchy, as well as Cape Holy Nose on the northeastern tip of the lake - the location of the legendary monastery of the Armenian Christian Church (IV-V centuries) in which, according to legend, the tomb of St. Apostle Matthew is located. And at the bottom of the lake there are the ruins of about two dozen flooded ancient cities - Sary-Bulun, Koisary, Ulan (XII century) and so on, which died with rising water levels in Issyk-Kul. Many historical and cultural values of the Saka-Usun period (1st millennium BC) and the early Middle Ages were discovered in them.
The best time to visit Issyk-Kul is September, although trekking in the mountains is best done between July and August.
Central Tien Shan
The Central Tien Shan is the highest and most majestic part of the Tien Shan mountain system. This is a huge “knot” of mountain ranges with a total length of about 500 km from west to east and 300 km from north to south. This is the most picturesque region of the Tien Shan, which is a complex system of intertwined mountain ranges (Terskey-Ala-Too, Sary-Jaz, Kui-Liu, Tengri-Tag, Enilchek, Kakshaal-Too, Meridional Ridge, etc.), crowned with majestic peaks the northernmost of the highest mountains on the planet - Lenin Peak (7134 m), Pobeda Peak (7439 m) and the fantastic Khan Tengri Pyramid (7010 m, probably the most beautiful and difficult peak of the Tien Shan to climb). In the north, the Boro-Khoro ridge connects the Tien Shan with the Dzungarian Alatau system. Almost the entire territory of this region is located above 1500 m above sea level, and the mountain peaks are covered with centuries-old snow caps, giving rise to many dozens of glaciers, rivers and streams. There are over 8,000 ice fields and glaciers here, the most representative of which are the Southern (length about 60 km) and Northern (35 km) Inylchek (Enilchek, “The Little Prince”), Jetyoguz-Karakol (22 km), Kaindy (26 km) , Semenova (21 km) and others, whose total area exceeds 8100 sq. km.
The relief of most of the Tien Shan ridges is high-mountainous, strongly dissected by numerous valleys (the northern slopes are much more rugged than the southern ones), with highly developed glacial forms. There are many screes on the slopes, there are glaciers, on glaciers there are moraines, and at the foot there are numerous alluvial cones. Mountain river valleys have a large difference in height and a clearly visible stepped profile with flat swampy terraces - “sazs”. Many large valleys are surrounded by high-mountain plateaus - "syrts", whose height sometimes reaches 4700 m. On the plateaus and highlands of the mid-altitude part of the ridges there are high-mountain pastures "jailoo", covered with forbs and alpine meadows. At altitudes from 1000 to 2000 meters, the foothills of the ridges are bordered by foothill adyrs. There are about 500 lakes here, the largest of which are Song-Kol (Son-Kul - “disappearing lake”, 270 sq. km) and Chatyr-Kol (Chatyr-Kul, 153 sq. km).
The Central Tien Shan is a real Mecca of international mountaineering, therefore it is the vicinity of the seven-thousanders that is the most studied part of the Tien Shan. The most popular points of attraction for climbers and trekkers are the areas of the Tengri-Tag ridge and Khan Tengri peak ("Lord of the Sky", 7010 m), Tomur Pass, Pobeda Peak (7439 m) and the Inylchek glacier, the basin of the unique Merzbacher Lake in the eastern part of the mountain system, Semenov-Tien-Shansky peak (4875 m), Free Korea peak (4740 m) and the famous Crown (4855 m) as part of the Kyrgyz ridge, Communism peak (7505 m) and Korzhenevskaya peak (7105 m, this is already the Pamirs, but few climbers would agree to pass by these great mountains), the ice walls of the Kakshaal-Too (Kokshaal-Tau) ridge, which includes three peaks with a height of more than 6000 m and about a dozen peaks with a height of more than 5000 m, the Ak-Shyyrak massif and many other, no less attractive regions.
Despite the harsh climate and mountainous landscape, the territory of the Tien Shan has been inhabited since ancient times, as evidenced by numerous stone sculptures, rock paintings and burial grounds scattered in abundance throughout the territory of this mountainous country. Historical and cultural monuments of the medieval period are widely represented - fortified settlements like Koshoy-Korgon, which arose on the basis of nomadic camps, khan headquarters and on caravan routes from the Fergana Valley through the Tien Shan. One of the most famous and popular tourist sites in this region is the Tash-Rabat caravanserai (X-XII centuries), built in the inaccessible but picturesque Kara-Koyun gorge. Also widely known are Saimaluu-Tash or Saimaly-Tash (“Patterned Stones”) - a whole gallery of rock paintings in the gorge of the same name (more than 107 thousand petroglyphs of the 2nd-3rd millennia BC) not far from Kazarman, stone sculptures of Kyr-Dzhol (VI -VIII centuries) on the shores of Lake Song-Kol, petroglyphs of the Chumysh rocks (III-I thousand years BC, Fergana Range), numerous rock carvings of the Issyk-Kul, Naryn and Talas regions. The ancient caravan route through the Torugart pass (height 3752 m) is also worthy of attention. This long (total length about 700 km) route from Central Asia to Chinese Kashgar (Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region) passes through cold gorges and narrow passes of Terksey-Ala-Too, Moldo-Too, At-Bashi and Maydantag, through spectacularly beautiful landscapes and the most ancient caravan routes of the Great Silk Road.
Western Tien Shan
The Western Tien Shan mountain system lies on the very edge of the Tien Shan mountainous country, reaching out with its spurs to the hot sands of the deserts of Central Asia. The relief of these places is somewhat lower than in the central part of the mountain system, the leveling surfaces are more extensive, and the elevated plateaus are less numerous (Palatkhon, Angrenskoye, Ugamskoye and Karzhantau - all in the west of the region). The highest points of the Western Tien Shan are Chatkal Peak (4503 m) in the ridge of the same name, Manas Peak (4482 m) in the Talas Alatau and Mount Baubash-Ata (4427 m) in the western part of the Fergana Range. Glaciation is insignificant, the snow line runs at altitudes of 3600-3800 m on the northern slopes and 3800-4000 m on the southern ones. The rivers of the Western Tien Shan (Angren, Akbulak, Itokar, Karaunkur, Koksu, Maydantal, Maili-Suu, Naryn, Oygaing, Padysha-Ata, Pskem, Sandalash, Ugam, Chatkal and others) have rapids, are fed by glaciers and snow, and flow along narrow gorges (in the upper reaches), in the middle reaches they usually have wide valleys, but in the lower reaches they again form canyon shapes. It is simply difficult to find better places for rafting and rafting than local rivers.
The vegetation of the Western Tien Shan, despite the low amount of precipitation that falls here, is quite diverse - steppes and deciduous forests in the lower belt, shrubs and meadows in the middle, as well as alpine meadows and high-mountain heaths closer to the peaks. About 370 species of animals and approximately 1,200 species of higher plants live here, and the complex topography leads to the formation of numerous
Kyrgyzstan Vacations & Resorts
The Ak-Suu mineral water deposit is located in the gorge of the same name, 80 km away. southwest of the village of Belovodskoye. The local mineral water belongs to the low-mineralized carbonate, hydrocarbonate magnesium-calcium narzans, and in its chemical composition it is similar to the mineral water of the famous Siberian resort of Dara-Suna.
The Alamudun mineral water deposit is located 30 km away. from Bishkek in the gorge of the same name at an altitude of 1200-1600 m above sea level. A well drilled to a depth of 507 meters brought thermal mineral water with a temperature of +53 C to the surface of the earth. Currently, the sanatorium-preventorium "Teplye Klyuchi" operates here, which is also an active recreation center - numerous trekking routes through the surrounding mountains begin from here.
The Issyk-Ata mineral and thermal water deposit is located 77 km away. southeast of Bishkek, in a narrow gorge at an altitude of 1800 m. The Arashan resort operates here with numerous hot springs and muddy mud. In addition, there is a source of clean drinking water with a specific smell, which is also used to treat chronic diseases of the digestive system.
Among the balneological resources of the Chui Valley, an important place is occupied by the Kamyshanovskoye and Lugovskoye weakly mineralized hydrogen sulfide deposits of medicinal mud. Nowhere else in Central Asia are there such a number of medicinal water outlets in such a limited space, surrounded by such marvelous nature.
Almost within the boundaries of Bishkek there is a modern “Cosmonaut Sanatorium” with its own thermal spring.
Lake Issyk-Kul is incredibly beautiful. The Russian traveler P.P. Semenov-Tien-Shansky, who visited the lake, compared it with Lake Geneva in Switzerland, and gave preference to Issyk-Kul. Since ancient times, Issyk-Kul has been considered enchanted by the local population. Before Russian settlers arrived here at the end of the 19th century, almost no one swam or fished in it. The greater transparency of the rivers flowing into the lake and the bright sun change the color of Issyk-Kul water from soft blue to dark blue tones, depending on the place and time of day. There are about 20 picturesque bays and bays. The swimming season lasts 6 months. The water temperature in summer reaches +24 C, in winter - +4 C. Crystal clear water, mineral springs, combined with a mountainous and at the same time mild, almost sea climate, create unique conditions for a resort holiday with mud and thermal treatment.
Cholpon-Ata is a resort town on the shores of Lake Issyk-Kul. Here it is worth visiting excursions on a boat on the lake, going to the mountains, making a daily trek through the most beautiful mountainous places to Almaty, there are also helicopter excursions with an overnight stay in the mountains. Very popular among tourists are the Altyn-Arashan hot springs, lying at an altitude of 3000 m in a beautiful open alpine valley, the huge and quiet Karkara summer pasture in the upper part of the valley, the fantastic red cliffs of the Jety-Oguz canyon and excellent trekking trails in Terskey Alatau (Terskey-Ala-Too), south of Karakol. The best time to visit Issyk-Kul is September, although trekking in the mountains is best done between July and August.
Karakol, lying at the eastern end of the lake, is the main city in the region and the best "base" for exploring the lake region, Terskey Alatau and the central Tien Shan. This is a relatively small city, famous for its apple orchards and Sunday market - one of the best in Central Asia. In Karakol, it is better to rent accommodation from local residents (at the bus station you will be offered a wide variety of options at a low price) than at an official hotel. This will allow you to “directly” get acquainted with the life of the city and the life of local residents, and will also resolve many everyday issues, since the area of Lake Issyk-Kul has been closed to foreigners for a long time, and many issues related to staying here are still quite regulated not clear.
Ski resorts in Kyrgyzstan
Due to the fact that about 93% of the territory of Kyrgyzstan is occupied by mountains, there are excellent conditions for skiing. Snow lies from November to March, and in the highlands - all year round. The weather in the area of most mountain resorts is usually mild, with a lot of sunny days, so the ski season lasts from late October - December to early April, and skiing on the ice fields is possible all year round.
A fairly large number of ski resorts are located around the capital of the country - the completely reconstructed base "Norus" (altitude 1950 m, 30 km from Bishkek), "Orlovka" (100 km from Bishkek), Kashka-Suu (altitude 2000 m, 35 km from the capital) , tourist centers Oruu-Sai (2100 m, 35 km from Bishkek), Aspara, Djilamish, Kara-Balta, Kegeti and the Chon-Tash tourist center. Good mountain centers can be found around Lake Issyk-Kul. The most famous among them is the Karakol ski resort (2300 m, 7 km from the city of the same name). Sports centers are quite numerous, but the level of service is low. So far, the recreation infrastructure is rather poorly developed, but gradual modernization is taking place.
Norus
Recently, a complete reconstruction was carried out at the Norus base, modern equipment was purchased, and a high-class hotel was built. On site: a restaurant with European and national cuisine, a disco and cafe-bar, a billiard room.
The trails are groomed by snowcats; there are trails of any difficulty category: from children's to professional. There are snow slides for sledding especially for children. There are two cable cars for climbing difficult slopes and one lift to the slopes for beginners. At an altitude of 3050 m there is an excellent helipad, from which you can go down to the cable car and slopes.
Orlovka
The Orlovka ski resort is located 100 km from Bishkek. 9 tracks of varying difficulty with elevation changes from 30 to 560 m. There are two suspended cable cars and two towing ones. There is a bathhouse, billiards, equipment rental, and instructors. At night, the area is illuminated with lanterns.
Karakol
The Karakol ski resort (2300 m) is located in a gorge, 7 km from the city of Karakol. Season is from late October to late April. At the base there are 7 ski lifts, ski and snowboard rental, services of instructors and guides through the winter forest. You can ride snowmobiles. The base is regularly used by the sports school for training.
Kashka-Suu
The Kashka-Suu ski center is located in a wide tract on the northern slopes of the Kyrgyz ridge. Bishkek is 35 km away. Height above sea level - 2000 m. 6 routes with a height difference from 260 to 380 m, chairlift and towing cable cars. On site: ice skating rink, billiard room, sauna, bar and cafe. There is equipment rental and instructor services are provided. The trails are groomed with snowcats, but there are quite a lot of small stones on the slopes, which can create difficulties when skiing on not fresh snow.
Oruu-Sai
The Oruu-Sai tourist center (2100 m) is located in the tract of the same name, 35 km from Bishkek. Trails of varying difficulty levels are served by three cable cars. There is equipment rental, instructors work, and downhill skiing competitions are held for different age groups. The tourist center has a comfortable hotel with a sauna, bar, restaurant, and table tennis.
Beaches in Kyrgyzstan
There are about 20 picturesque bays and bays on Lake Issyk-Kul. The swimming season lasts 6 months. The water temperature in summer reaches +24 C, in winter - +4 C.
National holidays
January 1 - Zhay-zhyl (New Year).
January 7 is Orthodox Christmas.
December-January - Kurman-Ait.
March 8 is International Women's Day.
March 21 - Navrus or Nooruz (Kyrgyz New Year).
May 1 is International Labor Day.
May 5 is Constitution Day.
May 9 - Victory Day.
August 31 - Independence Day or Erkin-Kunu.
October-November - Orozo Ait (Eid Al-Fitr, end of Ramadan).
Festivals and holidays in Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan is not too rich in festive events. The spring festival of Navrus (Nooruz Bayram, Islamic New Year) is one of the country's most beloved holidays. Nowrus is an adaptation of the pre-Islamic festival of the vernal equinox or celebrations of the renewal of nature, celebrated on the day of the vernal equinox (March 21), and is usually accompanied by traditional music and dance competitions, traditional games, street performances and colorful fairs (the holiday takes place over 2 days).
Orozo Ait (Eid Al-Fitr, the holiday of the end of Ramadan) is celebrated for 3 days at the end of the holy month of Ramadan. These days it is customary to visit people, give gifts and donate to the poor. About 70 days after the end of Ramadan, Kurman Ait (Eid al-Adha or Eid Ul-Aza) is celebrated, during which the graves of ancestors are visited, sacrifices are made and festive feasts are held for all relatives and the poor.
They will provide every traveler with the opportunity to go on magnificent walks, improve their health, enjoy stunning scenery and swim in warm waters.
Features of thermal springs in Kyrgyzstan
The main health resort of Kyrgyzstan is considered to be where you can find healing mud (its deposit is located in the water area and coastal part of the lake), mineral and thermal (water temperature varies from +30 to +50 degrees) springs, hospitals and boarding houses. There they treat the heart, digestive organs, musculoskeletal and nervous systems, skin and ailments of the female genital area. Depending on the diagnosis, patients are prescribed thalassotherapy, physical therapy, Charcot's shower, mineral baths... Most health resorts are located in Bosteri, Chok-Tal (has a thermal well), Cholpon-Ata, Tamchy (near the village there are mineral springs with warm water, and in Tamchy itself has hospitals and sanatoriums).
Those who decide to go on a health visit to Issyk-Kul will also be able to swim in the warm water of the lake, go diving and mountaineering, and enjoy hiking and horseback riding.
As for sanatoriums, in the Issyk-Kul region “Dzhergalan” deserves attention: the main healing factors are thermal +40-43 degree water (it has neither taste nor smell) and black silt mud, which has a bactericidal effect.
Altyn-Arashan
Altyn-Arashan hot springs are high-mountainous and are located at 2600 meters above sea level. Their waters have a temperature of +50 degrees and contain radon. Anyone who takes a Tradone bath will normalize blood pressure and improve cardiac activity. In addition, bathing in the springs will have a sedative and analgesic effect, and will help accelerate the processes of resorption and healing in muscles, skin, bone tissue and nerve fibers.
Romantic couples will be interested in the fact that there is a thermal spring here, which has been ennobled and lined with heart-shaped stones. It is worth noting that those who wish will also be able to plunge into a cold mountain river, thereby taking a contrasting natural shower.
Despite the fact that the springs are only 35 km away, getting here is not so easy - the journey can take about 3 hours in a four-wheel drive vehicle (travelers face steep climbs along mountain serpentines along a narrow canyon along the bank of the Arashan River).
And in the vicinity of the resort, in the nature reserve, you will be able to meet wild boars, ermines, foxes, badgers, lynxes, doves, vultures, snow leopards, pheasants and other birds and animals.
Juuku
The thermal water in Juuku is enriched with radon and has a temperature of +34 degrees. Radon baths are located in the open air, so by bathing in them you can not only spend time with health benefits, but also enjoy the view of the surrounding landscapes.
Chon-Oruktu
The water of the Chon-Oruktu hot springs is “warmed up” to 45 degrees (there are no “specific” components in it; it has a sodium-calcium-chloride composition and is suitable for drinking and bathing) and is used in the treatment of gastritis and cholecystitis, and is also prescribed for those with problems with skin and female genital organs, and those suffering from disorders of the nervous system, pancreas and gastrointestinal tract.
Vacationers have access to swimming pools, houses where they can stay for a couple of days, rooms where massage treatments are provided for everyone, and a cafe (where visitors are treated to dishes of Kyrgyz cuisine).
Tash-Suu
For the convenience of vacationers, there are swimming pools at this source (one of them is filled with ordinary cool water - it is intended for contrast swimming), filled with 43-48-degree water; dining room, gazebos, locker rooms; massage room.
The healing water of Tash-Suu is prescribed for the treatment and prevention of numerous diseases, in particular, it is suitable for people with disorders of the musculoskeletal system (osteochondrosis, arthritis, myositis). As for contraindications, heart patients, hypertensive and hypotensive patients should not swim in local waters.
It is worth noting that for a 1-hour swim in the bathhouse, guests will pay $4-5 (tip: after a 20-minute swim, you should take a 10-minute rest break, after which you can again plunge into the healing waters for 20 minutes).
Jalal-Abad
Jalal-Abad is famous for its alkaline hot springs, weakly and highly mineralized waters (temperature +38-39 degrees; they are hydrocarbonate-sulfate and calcium-sodium waters) which can treat nerves, liver, kidneys, rheumatism, skin, ailments in the field of urology and gynecology . You can undergo treatment at a local sanatorium, which can accommodate about 150 people in winter, and 450 people in summer. In addition to balneotherapy and mud therapy, they offer healing through acupuncture, climatic and electric light therapy, massage, physical therapy and nutrition.
Mountain resorts are increasingly being used to treat a number of diseases. The main healing factors here are crystal clear air and increased solar radiation. The charm of mountain valleys, picturesque rocks, waterfalls, and the dark blue mountain sky has a beneficial effect on a person’s general condition. It is known that emotional influences, especially in nervous diseases, are often more favorable than other therapeutic factors.
Resort opportunities in Kyrgyzstan allow you to treat many diseases. Useful springs contain such an amount of minerals that their quality is equal to or even superior to the waters of the North Caucasus. One liter of Chatyrkul water contains 3-4 grams of carbon dioxide, and in Kislovodsk Narzan - only 2 grams. The water of the Yassi spring combines the qualities of “Essentuki”, “Arzni” and “Borjomi”.
There are many useful sources in Kyrgyzstan. There are 15 types of mineral waters known on Lake Issyk-Kul alone. There are radon springs, yielding half a million liters per day, and nitrogen-siliceous springs, yielding over four million liters per day.
Lake Issyk-Kul is a unique place with a mountain-sea climate. Many resort factors are combined here - thermal mineral springs, a long duration of sunshine (more than 2500 hours per year), etc. The annual arrival of solar radiation on a horizontal surface with a clear sky is about 143 kcal/cm 2.
Returning along the southern shore of Issyk-Kul from Przhevalsk, few people do not turn off at the twentieth kilometer. Here, in the picturesque Terskey-Alatau gorge, one of the best balneological resorts in Kyrgyzstan is located - Dzhetyoguz (translated from Kyrgyz as “Seven Bulls”). The huge red rocks surrounding the resort really do seem to resemble seven bulls. Dzhetyoguz is famous for its rare combination of high mountain climate, forest air and radioactive thermal springs with a water temperature of 38-44. Summers are cool (average July temperature is +17°), winters are mild. Here, at an altitude of 2300 meters above sea level, on the banks of a stormy mountain river, patients with non-tuberculous inflammation of the joints, stomach and liver diseases are treated. Patients come here from various parts of the Soviet Union.
However, it is necessary to take into account the fact that with increasing altitude the air becomes increasingly rarefied, and this has a strong effect on the body, leading to hypoxia - oxygen starvation. Hypoxia causes palpitations, shortness of breath, headaches, and mental disorders.
Interesting experiments conducted by Soviet scientists have shown that hypoxia can be used to restore and strengthen health. This is done through stepwise acclimatization. Patients are raised first to a small height, then higher. At the Jetyoguz resort it is easy to combine treatment with radon baths and stepwise acclimatization.
Far beyond the borders of Kyrgyzstan, the beaches of Cholpon-Ata and Dolinka are well-protected from the winds. Here is a well-known children's sanatorium in the republic, created during the Great Patriotic War. On the very shore of Lake Issyk-Kul rise the slender white buildings of the Blue Issyk-Kul sanatorium. Gentle sandy shores, plenty of sun, mild maritime climate and the beauty of the surrounding landscape attract vacationers and tourists from all over our vast Motherland. But when coming to these wonderful places, you must remember that sun treatment is not always beneficial for everyone. For cardiovascular diseases, active forms of tuberculosis and some other ailments, prolonged exposure to the sun is contraindicated. The sun of Issyk-Kul is generous, but one should not abuse its generosity. In these places, in the morning and evening hours, ultraviolet radiation exceeds all types of radiation.
In a deep picturesque gorge of the northern slope of the Kyrgyz ridge, 75 kilometers from the capital of the republic, at an altitude of 1775 meters above sea level, the cozy buildings of the Issyk-Ata resort are located. Thermal springs with water temperatures from +20 to +50°, mud and high mountain air give good results in the treatment of brucellosis, some types of stomach, nervous and other diseases.
The all-Union resort of Jalal-Abad occupies a prominent place among the balneological resorts of Central Asia. Its hot alkaline springs have valuable healing properties. Treatment of rheumatism, liver and nervous system diseases, and skin diseases gives remarkable results here. But the resort is especially famous for the treatment of kidney diseases. In this regard, doctors compare Jalal-Abad with the world-famous Cairo resort. From the outskirts of the vast park of the Jalal-Abad resort there is a wonderful view of the river valley. Kugart.
The resort resources of mountainous Kyrgyzstan are still far from being fully utilized. The construction of resorts is growing from year to year. In the coming years, holiday homes, sanatoriums and resorts in Kyrgyzstan will be able to accommodate more than 60 thousand vacationers. In the near future, Kyrgyzstan will become the country's third all-Union health resort.
Water is the main wealth of Kyrgyzstan. River water is known for its strength, lake water for its beauty, drinking water for its taste, and mineral water for its medicinal properties. If a beach holiday and walks through the picturesque mountains and valleys of the country are not enough to accumulate health and vigor for the year, then thermal springs will help with this. You don’t have to wait until midsummer to visit them. On mineral waters, the holiday season is all year round.
At the beginning of summer it is still cool in Issyk-Kul - plus 20 during the day, the water temperature in the lake is still about 16 degrees. Moreover, the day turned out to be cloudy. So Nina goes to the hottest of the outdoor pools. Nature itself heated this water to almost 44 degrees. A few minutes in hot water, then, for contrast, into a pool with cold water. So - up to 5 times. At the end of the wellness procedure, Nina soaks for 15 minutes in water at a temperature of 35 degrees.
The Kyrgyzstani woman is not afraid of the cool air. For the first time, a resident of the capital region, Nina Egorova, came to this source 3.5 years ago on January 3rd.
“Polyarthritis tortured me. My joints hurt. Especially the knees. Three years ago I almost couldn’t walk, I lived on pills. We were advised to go here for mineral waters. It was in winter. We celebrated the New Year and went straight away - we didn’t have the strength to wait until summer. That’s when I realized that my native Issyk-Kul is good all year round. He’s just different,” says Nina Egorova.
A 63-year-old woman no longer takes medications for arthritis. After one day of taking mineral baths, he doesn’t remember about his knees for up to two weeks. Then - again to the source. But this is more likely just a healthy habit and a favorite way to take a break from household chores. He comes with his husband, and sometimes with his grandchildren.
The water tastes very salty. But it doesn't sting the skin. But it allows you to feel lightness in your body - it keeps you afloat and relaxes.
“Transparent, fresh, does not smell of anything, and just warms right through. On the advice of local doctors, we come to the pools in any weather with a terry towel and blanket. We took a bath, got dressed, covered ourselves with a blanket and kept warm. No showering or swimming in the lake for several hours after water treatments. Contact of minerals with the skin must continue. If you do everything correctly, you will feel the warmth and power of this water inside for another three days,” says Nina.
This is how water from a local source affects the body due to temperature and strong saturation with salts. The level of its mineralization is high even for Issyk-Kul. The lake never freezes: it is surrounded like veins by many underground hot springs. The sanatorium is proud of its. This hidden hot river is the highlight of a holiday here. But she might not have existed. The development of a local thermal water deposit was abandoned even in Soviet times - it was expensive.
The holiday home in the village of Kara-Oy, Issyk-Kul region, has been operating since 1965. In Soviet times it was called “Pearl”. The modern complex has almost the same name - “Ak Bermet” is translated from Kyrgyz into Russian as “white pearl”. The thermal water deposit on the territory of the sanatorium was explored by 1975. At this time, the hydromineral resources of Issyk-Kul were discovered and developed most actively. At the same time, in the 70s, a well was drilled. The water lies at a depth of 1515 meters. We got to it, but didn’t start mining it. The well was sealed. The rest home continued to operate without a source. Even then, hot waters came out of the ground in health resorts in the neighborhood.
Akzholtoy Nasridinov has been running the sanatorium since the mid-80s. He remembers that after the collapse of the Union there were no funds to extract water from underground. The holiday home survived. But they knew and remembered about the explored deposit. When free money appeared - already in the 2000s - Akzholtoy Nasridinov decided to invest it in health tourism. I went to Bishkek - to the State Geological Agency and the Institute of Balneology - to find out what kind of source was under the sanatorium. When I found out, there was no doubt about the need to raise water to the surface of the earth.
“The water is sodium chloride, the same type as the well-known Mirgorod water. Mineralization – strong: 15 grams per cubic decimeter. We also say the salt saturation is 19%. For comparison: this figure for the water of most sources in Issyk-Kul is 12-13%, for the water in the lake - 2-3%. But it is also useful,” explains Akzholtoy Nasridinov.
Drilling the well again turned out to be only half the battle. The mineral water lying at a depth of one and a half kilometers is heavy, mixed with silt, and it is difficult to bring it to the surface. Purification using a special system that does not destroy the structure of the water made it possible to bring it to a depth of about 50 meters. To lift from there, pumps were installed. The hot spring cost the sanatorium several tens of thousands of dollars. Water appeared on the surface in 2012.
Every day, water from the source is sent from seven pools. They differ in volume - the smaller the bowl, the hotter the water in it. This way everyone will find water at their own temperature.
“They come from other regions of Kyrgyzstan. But more - from abroad. The Russians fell in love with the source, and so did the Kazakhs. They come from China, Korea, Europe. Both in winter and in summer. They usually come from far away for several weeks. At the same time, about 150 people relax and improve their health with mineral water,” says Akzholtoy Nasridinov.
Doctors have no doubt - the mineral springs of Issyk-Kul help treat many diseases. Due to the chemical composition of water, under its influence, cellular metabolism and metabolism are accelerated, the production of collagen and elastin is stimulated. Sodium chloride baths normalize the functioning of the autonomic nervous system, strengthen the walls of blood vessels, and increase immunity. Diseases of the heart, bones, joints, spine, and reproductive system recede, digestion improves, nervous disorders, inflammation and skin rashes disappear. Baths help in the fight against excess weight. 
There are few contraindications for taking mineral baths in Issyk-Kul. The family of Almaty resident Irina chose a spring in the village of Kara-Oy several years ago. Since then he has not changed. Irina knows that the spring’s properties are close to the waters of famous resorts in Russia and the Baltic states.
« The air in Issyk-Kul is simply wonderful, the climate is wonderful! I come here with my grandson. The teachers at school are surprised - not a single absence due to a cold in a year. This is his health now!” Irina rejoices.
The Kazakh woman speaks as she walks. She and her grandson, hot after the mineral baths, rush to dinner. The appetite after water treatments at the mountain lake is excellent. In the morning - leave. And Irina still wants to draw water from the source to take with her to the city. He loves to wash his face with it - it tones and softens the skin, and if you rinse your mouth with Issyk-Kul mineral water, the dentist will praise you for the condition of your gums.
