Modern architecture of Vienna - sche7 — LiveJournal. Modern architecture of Vienna - sche7 — LiveJournal Austrian Baroque

Luxurious Austrian architecture is often compared to that of neighboring Germany, but it is certainly unique and distinctive. This is what attracts thousands of tourists who want to breathe in the Austrian air, enjoy the local cuisine and see the chic architecture with their own eyes. We continue the story about.

Austria's largest congress center is located in the heart of modern Vienna, in close proximity to the local United Nations office. The convention center includes 24 meeting rooms, 180 offices and 4 conference rooms. The total capacity of the building is 20 thousand people. Various kinds of events are held within the walls of the Vienna center - scientific conferences, international rallies, fairs, gala concerts and much more.

In the center of Graz on the Mur River there is an extremely unusual attraction - the Murinsel Island Bridge, reminiscent of a giant sea shell. There are two pedestrian bridges stretched to it, which connect the neighboring banks. The size of the island bridge is 50 m long and 20 m wide. This floating platform manages to float on the water thanks to anchors attached to the river bottom. Under the dome of a glass roof leading to the water, there is a small cozy cafe, and in the open part of Murinsel there is an amphitheater. Between the cafe and the amphitheater there is the Adventure Island children's playground, made in the form of a three-dimensional labyrinth of nets and ropes. At the same time, the bridge-island Murinsel can accommodate up to 350 visitors.

The railway station on the Hungerburg mountain in Innsbruck was built according to a design by Zaha Hadid in 2002. The construction of this station is considered part of a large project to restore the territory for the Austrian Olympic Arena, which also includes another project by Zaha Hadid - the Bergisel springboard in Innsbruck. Smooth shapes, double curvature surfaces, flow of spaces - everything in the station in Innsbruck looks in the best traditions of the British architect.

14. Clinic in Klagenfurt

The clinic in Klagenfurt is the third largest public medical institution in Austria. The clinic is an extensive network of hospital buildings with more than 2,800 beds and a staff of over 6,300 employees. The Klagenfurt Clinic is constantly modernizing, for example, in 2010, one of the most modern hospital buildings in Europe with an area of 95,000 square meters was built on the territory of the clinic. m. Also, during the modernization of the clinic, 60,000 square meters of green space were redesigned so that the new hospital is now directly surrounded by a park. It is worth noting that each hospital building has a large kitchen, a fully automated laundry, a cafeteria, a bank and a hospital store.

The "Vienna Gasometers" are four gas tanks located in the capital of Austria and built in 1896-1899. In 1969-1978, the city abandoned the use of coke oven gas in favor of natural gas, as a result of which the gas meters were closed. However, in 1999-2001. monuments of industrial architecture were rebuilt according to the designs of the world's leading architects into an ultra-modern multifunctional complex. The Coop Himmelb(l)au bureau received an order to design a modern residential complex. Austrian architects executed it in the best traditions of deconstructivism - with numerous kinks, sharp corners, as well as rotation and shift of floors along the vertical axis.

Messe Wien is considered the largest and most modern exhibition center in Austria. It took two and a half years and 192 million euros to build it. The center consists of 4 halls with a total area of 60 thousand square meters. m and congress center. Messe Wien is located in the Prater district, on the border with the historical center of Vienna. All rooms of the exhibition center are spacious and bright. It is curious that an incredibly long corridor of 450 meters leads to the halls. Another idea of the architect was the absence of a conveyor belt for visitors, so that they could feel how large the structure is. Everything else is designed to create convenience for visitors - from a kindergarten with teachers to garages with 4,500 parking spaces.

The library and study center of the University of Economics is located near the Prater Park, on the campus of 10 hectares. Zaha Hadid's main goal when creating her next masterpiece was to combine the traditional collection of books with the latest advances in the field of information technology. According to the author's idea, the dynamic forms of the largest building on campus determine the development lines of the entire ensemble. The new campus is designed for 24 thousand students, as well as 3 thousand teachers, administration and support staff. Such a large-scale campus project, implemented from scratch, was unprecedented in Austria.

The main attraction of the small town of Langenlois is the Loisium Wine Museum and Spa Resort with its adjacent design hotel designed by the world famous deconstructionist architect Steven Holl. Several families of Langenlois winemakers decided to turn the old empty wine cellars (some of them over 900 years old) into a center for wine tourism in Austria. Loisium also includes historic wine cellars, art installation centers and even its own wine library in the form of a supernatural cube. Its visitors will be able not only to taste, but also to purchase classic versions and unusual new items.

The Vienna State Opera is the largest opera house in Austria and a true center of Western European musical culture. In 1861, construction began on a special building for the Vienna Opera, designed by the Austrian architects August Sicard von Sicardsburg and Eduard van der Null; The neo-Renaissance building was built by 1869 and opened on May 25 with Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Don Giovanni. The façade of the Vienna Opera building is decorated with fragments from Mozart's opera The Magic Flute, rhythmic arches, pilasters and columns. The Vienna Opera looks especially impressive when illuminated at night. The interiors of the theater look no less rich than the façade, especially the luxurious auditorium with a sun-like sparkling chandelier on the ceiling.

The Leopold Kunstmuseum, located in the Museum Quarter in Vienna, houses an extensive collection of paintings and decorative arts in the Viennese Art Nouveau style. The Leopold Museum opened in 2001 as part of the creation of the Museumskvartir cultural area, which is the eighth largest cultural area in the world. The building is in the shape of a rectangle, with an area of 12,600 square meters. m, lined with white shell rock, measuring 40 x 46 sq.m., was built according to the design of the architectural bureau Ortner & Ortner. The entrance to the museum building is decorated with a grand staircase 10 m wide. The floors of the exhibition halls are laid with oak parquet, and all visible decorative metal parts are made of patina-covered brass.

21. Kunsthaus Museum of Contemporary Art in Graz

The Kunsthaus is a museum of contemporary art, opened as part of the European Capital of Culture program in the Austrian city of Graz in 2003. The modern building is built in the blob style, which is a strong contrast to the rather traditional surrounding buildings. The base of the building is made of reinforced concrete, and the outer shell is blue plastic panels. Particularly noteworthy is the huge media façade of the museum, covering an area of 900 square meters. m. It consists of small luminous elements that can be programmed using a computer. Thus, photographs, installations and even films can be projected onto the façade.

The lack of quality housing is considered one of the main problems for the Alpine region. To combat this problem, Salzburg authorities decided to build at least 300 apartments per year. Perhaps the main project of this program can be called the Lanserhofwiese residential complex by the Austrian architect Wimmer Zeick. Large multi-colored volumes of apartments, dynamic facades and terraces - the appearance of this building cannot but please and inspire optimism. The complex also includes underground parking and a residential courtyard with extensive recreation areas and children's playgrounds.

The Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna was opened in 1891 along with its sister building, the Natural History Museum, located opposite. The construction order was given by Emperor Franz Joseph I as part of the city's expansion in 1858. Both museums were built in the Italian Renaissance style and designed by the architects Gottfried Semper and Baron Karl von Hasenauer. The main building of the museum includes 91 rooms, where there are collections of Oriental and Egyptian works of art, collections of ancient monuments, masterpieces of Western European sculpture, a small numismatic room with hundreds of varieties of coins, as well as a world-famous art gallery.

The Haas House shopping complex, built in 1990 according to the design of the famous Austrian architect Hans Hollein, is located on St. Stephen's Square in the very center of Vienna. This post-modern building is one of the most original in the country. "Haas House" is a huge reinforced concrete frame of a rounded shape with facing in the form of stone and mirror glass, in which you can see the reflection of the building of the tallest church in the world - St. Stephen's Cathedral. In one part of the Haas House there is a hotel, cafe and restaurant, and in the other, on four floors of the building, there are many shops and boutiques of leading fashion brands.

The research center for the famous company Semperit, which produces special equipment for cars, was built in the small town of Vimpassing in 2001. This work by the architectural bureau Najjar & Najjar was a real achievement in the field of industrial architecture. Due to its characteristic elongated shape, company employees and ordinary residents have long called the center building a “metal pipe.” The ground floor of the building is completely glazed and houses numerous offices and laboratories. The second floor also houses laboratories and a spacious distribution hall. The main material of the building is environmentally friendly aluminum.

Austria is becoming an increasingly popular destination not only for tourists, but also for large companies settling in the territory of this country. In confirmation of the above - our article. Vienna is considered a tasty morsel for experimental architects who create very extravagant projects for the Austrian capital. You can find out about some of them in our materials: and and

Modern architecture of Vienna December 7th, 2015

Vienna has very cool modern architecture. However, as in all developed countries of Europe. But thanks to the fact that our good friend from the Irkutsk architectural workshop lives and studies in Vienna, it was here that we looked at her in detail and consciously. We were taken through the suburbs with modern residential buildings and the office and business center area in the city itself and along the famous campus of the University of Economics.

Let's start with him.

Nowadays the trend is to cover facades with sheets of rusty iron, it’s not an acquired taste, but I like it. There are many such buildings in Russian villages. This is reminiscent of the fashion for ripped jeans; in the 90s you would have been called a homeless person, but now you are a fashionista.

But the greatest pride of the university is, of course, the library building, designed by the famous Zaha Hadid.

I have always dreamed of seeing at least one of her buildings live - dreams come true)

The impressions, it must be said, are mixed... On the one hand, it’s all very impressive, but on the other, it’s all made of concrete, that is, everything in general - every opening, every parapet, every step - everything is made of concrete. The whole building is something like a piece of cheese with holes. And so I kept thinking, how much incredible money did all this cost? Incredibly deep foundations, unique formwork, tens of thousands of cubic meters of concrete and hundreds of builders who hate it all.

And maybe the game would have been worth the candle, as they say, but there was a small incident... Two weeks after the grand opening of the building, the giant remote console began to fall off. It tilted, cracks appeared along the walls, and for the second year now everything has been standing in scaffolding and the building is not functioning at full capacity. As a result, Zaha was expelled in disgrace and no longer works in Austria.

In general, the maestro’s career here did not work out from the beginning. Here is another failed project from her early work. This is a residential building that was built, as always, for immoral money, with a pretentious presentation, and in the end stands almost empty. Nobody bought anything and the building was given to students of one of the universities as a dormitory, dividing the elite apartments into small crooked rooms. In short, a sad story...

Let's continue walking around the campus. This is a bench that is convenient for use by disabled/blind people with disabilities. Navigation around the territory is written in pimples so you can understand where to go. We spent almost a year on trials and experiments; Europeans are very meticulous in this regard.

The landscaping of the area is really impressive

Personally, I was most impressed by these benches

We ran around them for an hour, trying to understand what and how they were made, but we never came to a common opinion. These materials are not familiar to the Russian architect. We will probably have such things too, by 2056

Mysterious black box

A business center is being built near the university campus.

With artificial lakes, bridges, trees.

I just want you to know, dear readers, that architecture of this quality is very expensive, not just expensive, but hellishly expensive. Many cities are mired in debt and loans after implementing similar projects for decades. They just don’t know how to do things carelessly; it’s better than bad.

In Europe, it is customary to build cool playgrounds. Each site is designed specifically for a specific yard and is not repeated anywhere else.

There are no clown colors, images of trains, ships, animals and other bullshit. I don’t know if this is good or bad, but if I were a child, I would prefer to play on this playground than on the standard plastic one that stands in all our yards

It is customary for them to sit on the lawns. Why do you need a lawn if you don't sit on it? In our country, every piece of grass is surrounded by ugly cemetery fences, so that God forbid, no one spoils it or steps on it.

This is the type of housing being built in Europe now.

This is not elite housing, but the most ordinary one, for the middle class on the outskirts of Vienna.

There are not many residents yet. Do you know why there is not a single air conditioner or unauthorized glazed balcony? Because for this there are huge fines and forced dismantling. The apartment is yours, the façade is shared.

In some places there is still construction going on. The main difference in their approach from ours is that they cannot rent out a house without completing the yard or laying a road to it. If a European developer allowed himself what ours allow, his license would be taken away once and for all, and apartment buyers would throw stones at him. But we have nothing, as they say, “people are eating” - the road will be in a month, the playground in two, the parking in three, but for now, be patient, dears - mix the mud, jump over puddles, everything will be, but later...

The pipe dream of a Russian architect and the nightmare of a Russian fireman. Wooden facades...

For those who are not in the know, we cannot build something like this even if we want to - it is prohibited by law. I always wonder, do fires burn differently in Austria, or are people special? But they can, but we don’t; our SNiPs, written in 1985, categorically prohibit such decisions in 2015.

In the yard there is a mini-climbing wall, ladders, niches, everyone, both adults and children, can go crazy.

Wooden blinds on rolling casters. Russian fireman convulses from such pictures

The simplest solution is a grid on the facade. In winter it is not noticeable and does not spoil the view, but in summer ivy crawls over it and plants the wall - simple and ingenious.

An example of the use of corrugated sheets in finishing facades is also a rarity in our construction.

The amazing thing is that our real estate market is incredibly overvalued. For example, prices for apartments in Prague are 30-40% more expensive than in Irkutsk, comparable to prices in St. Petersburg and, accordingly, almost two times cheaper than in Moscow. At the same time, the quality of this housing will be much better, and this, for a second, is the center of Europe. At the moment, we are building long, expensively and with amazingly poor results. Alas, it's true.

There are publicly accessible trampolines and hammocks in the courtyards; there are no cars in the courtyards; cars are parked along the roads around the block.

It’s a shame not even how much better their construction is than ours, but the fact that it’s standing empty. 0.3 children per average Austrian family is not enough to fill all these areas, the developed infrastructure is already familiar and not interesting to adults - everything is empty.. And in each family we have 2-3 children, in the evenings people don’t know where to go and what to do , and it’s not even close. That's what's offensive.

An unsuccessful experiment with capsule balconies. They say in the summer there is a real steam room and you can see all the roads and people passing by.

We went to the Danube City business district, where all sorts of international summits on global policy issues often take place.

Skyscrapers

And anthill hotels

A boring place, to be honest. And I don't really like skyscrapers

Architecture is always a reflection of the level of the economy and the level of cultural development of citizens. For example, in the state of Moscow there is more money than in the state of Russia and the people there are not only more cultured, but much more demanding, so in this state buildings of a completely world-class aesthetics and quality began to gradually appear, but there are still catastrophically few of them, and on the scale of the whole There is practically no country. We are about 50 years behind the developed countries of Europe and America in this matter and, unfortunately, we are in no hurry to catch up.

I’ll start the series of posts about Vienna with one of my favorite topics - modern architecture. Looking ahead, I will say that I really liked Vienna, perhaps it is the best city I have been to in all my travels, this city was carefully thought out, modernized and rethought by the people for the people. We will look at this topic in more detail in the following posts, and today we will take a walk through several interesting neighborhoods and look at modern residential and public buildings.

1. We will start with the very famous center of attraction of all of Vienna - the museum quarter. The Museumsquartier, or MQ for short, is a group of exhibition spaces formed around the historic building of the imperial court stables. There are three major museums here: the Ludwig Foundation Museum of Modern Art (MUMOK), the Leopold Museum and the Vienna Kunsthalle. The ZOOM Kindermuseum is open for children. The MuseumsQuartier regularly hosts various cultural events.

2. Two powerful modern buildings (the gray MUMOK and the white Leopold Museum) are perfectly located in the courtyard of the museum quarter. Both buildings were designed by the architectural bureau "Ortner & Ortner", the building of the Leopold Museum is a rectangular parallelepiped, lined with shell rock. The Museum of Modern Art is shaped like a chest and lined with volcanic rock. The original version of the project was supposed to erect a taller building. However, after much discussion, the building decreased in height, but gained several underground floors.

3. Bird's eye view of MQ (image bing.com).

4. In the courtyard there are many interesting designer seats, which are repainted every year in new colors; the color is chosen by popular vote.

5. Schwedenbrücke Bridge. To the left of the bridge is the building of the Bank of Austria, to the right is the Sofitel Vienna hotel (architect Jean Nouvel).

6. Embankment of the Danube Canal. IBM building work Wilhelm Holzbauer.

7. Vienna District Court building.

8. On the banks of the same Danube Canal there is the building of the Spittelau waste incineration plant. Bird's eye view (image bing.com).

9. The plant was built back in 1971, but in 1987 the plant was badly damaged by a fire, and the mayor of Vienna entrusted the reconstruction project to the architect Hundertwasser, known for his “ecological” philosophy in architecture. At the beginning, the architect did not want to participate in this project and was generally against the incineration plant, but after he was assured that the plant would be super technological and would include waste recycling cycles, the architect agreed and in the end this building was abandoned. Not for everybody.

10. Facade details.

11. A few steps from the factory there is a residential building from Zaha Hadid Architects. The residential building was built directly above a 19th-century viaduct that now carries the metro line. The building was designed back in 1994; in plan, the house consists of three independent angular volumes on columns. Subway trains pass right through the building. Interestingly, when the house was commissioned, the demand on the real estate market for apartments in this building was so small that the building was eventually given over to a dormitory for a nearby university.

12. Bird's eye view. (image bing.com).

16. Let's move to the eastern part of Vienna, to a residential area located opposite Gasometer city (a renovation complex of public buildings based on four old gas tanks). Kindergarten building.

17. General plan of four residential buildings. The complex is called Ville Verdi (“Green Houses”).

18. Four “falling” residential buildings are neatly arranged on a hill, neat courtyards, modest entrances to the group.

19. The houses were built according to the design of the architectural bureau Albert Wimmer, construction was completed in 2009.

20. Bold and beautiful

23. And this is a bird’s eye view of the entire territory of Gasometer City, in this photo Green houses are still under construction (image bing.com).

24. Vienna gasometers - four former gas holders located in Vienna (Austria) and built in 1896-1899. They are located in Simmering, the eleventh district of the city. In 1969–1978, the city abandoned the use of coke oven gas in favor of natural gas, and the gas meters were closed. In 1999-2001 they were rebuilt and became multifunctional complexes.

26. View of the Green Houses from the gas tanks.

30. Vienna gasometers were built in 1896-1899 in the Simmering district of Vienna. They were created to provide the city with gas, which had previously been supplied by the English company Inter Continental Gas Association (ICGA). At that time, these gasometers were the largest in Europe. However, due to a change in technology, gas meters were abandoned in 1984, as the city switched to natural gas, which does not require such large tanks. Since that time, Viennese gas tanks have been used for a variety of purposes, for example, as decoration for one of the parts of the Bond movie “Sparks from the Eyes”.

In 1995, a competition of ideas for restructuring gasometers was announced. As a result, the reconstruction of the four gasometers fell to four architects: the architectural bureau Coop Himmelb(l)au, Jean Nouvel, Wilhelm Holzbauer and Manfred Wedorn. All gasometers were divided into the following zones: residential, office, and entertainment (shops). The historical exterior has been preserved. In May 2001, people began to inhabit the gasometers, and in October the official opening took place.

31. The Holywood megaplex complex, connected by a glass passage to one of the gas tanks.

35. Inside the gasometers, their own special community appeared, like a village, a city within a city, and a real sense of unity and community developed. Gasometers have their own active community of residents and an online community. Numerous works and dissertations in psychology, urban planning, journalism and architecture have been devoted to this phenomenon.

There is a concert hall that can accommodate 2000-3000 people, a cinema, a municipal archive, a student dormitory, and so on. The housing stock is about 800 apartments, two thirds of which are located inside the gasometer walls with 1,600 permanent residents, as well as 70 student rooms accommodating about 250 students.

38. A piece of glass was attached to gasometer “B”.

40. Schematic diagram of Gasometer City.

41. Photographer.

42. Escape stairs are usually hidden, but here they are an active part of the facade.

43. Well, in the finale there is some crap in the center that I was too lazy to Google. Thank you for your attention.

Vienna, like most of Austria, owes its unique architecture to Ancient Rome.
During the lifetime of Emperor Octavian Augustus, the Romans captured most of the lands of modern Austria and built several fortresses on that territory for Roman garrisons.
These fortresses were:
Vindobona (now Vienna)
Lenzia (now Salzburg)
Virunum (now Klagenfurt)
Carnuntum (now Petronell-Carnuntum).

The initial development of these cities was typical, quadrangular with a forum in the center. The building materials were local stone and brick. In addition to the usual buildings, pagan temples, circuses, baths (therms), theaters were also erected, and the fortresses had gates. Vienna has the remains of a Roman aqueduct.

At the end of the 5th century. n. e. Roman garrisons abandoned these lands, which passed to the barbarian tribes of the Germans and Slavs.

Around 803 AD e. Charlemagne defeated the Avars and created the Eastern March (duchy) in this territory. A noticeable wave of Christianization of its inhabitants began and the construction of primitive Christian churches, simplified in plans and architectural forms.

The construction of the early Middle Ages was made mostly of wood. These buildings were subjected to fires and destruction and have not survived to this day. At that time, only Christian churches were made of stone.
The lands of Austria were captured by Germanic tribes, mainly Bavarians.
Accordingly, the culture became South German. But trade ties with Lombardy were influenced by the art of northern Italy. The Slavic component also made a small contribution. In Austria, the first significant European style - Romanesque - was widely developed.

But the transition to Gothic began not so long ago, around the 13th century. Gothic architecture and Gothic style had a noticeable development over the course of 200-250 years and became leading in local culture.
They were supported by the rulers - the Babenbergs, and from 1282 - the Habsburgs. New territories are gradually annexed and added to the possessions. Austria becomes a prominent part of the so-called Holy Roman Empire of the German nation. Among the most significant examples of Austrian Gothic:
Vienna has the most beautiful Gothic buildings. This includes the church of St. Maria am Gestad and the Gothic south tower of St. Stephen's Cathedral.
The further from Vienna, the simpler the Gothic forms.
In the 20th century The government initiated the creation of the Museum of Austrian Gothic in the Belvedere Palace.

The architecture of Austria of the 16th century seems to be accumulating strength for a powerful development and flourishing in the Baroque era, which became a striking fact of the art of both Austria itself and the culture of Western Europe.
Baroque construction began long before the 1690s. One of the first examples - the Baroque cathedral in the city of Salzburg - arose in the years 1611-1628. Even then, the projects and work of Italian architects were widely appreciated, because the Baroque of Austria developed under the powerful influence of the Baroque of Italy.

In the 19th century, the imperial government turned to the construction of large state facilities. Pretentious bourgeois architecture is intricately combined with imperial ambitions and an appeal to bright historical styles - neo-Gothic, neo-Renaissance, neo-Baroque, neo-Greek dominate. Among the large buildings of Vienna of this time are the Opera House (architect Sickard von Sickardsbugr, 1861-1869), the new Parliament building (architect T. Hansen), the Votivkirche church (architect G. Ferstel, 1883), the new Town Hall (architect F. . Schmidt, 1895), two grand buildings of the imperial museums and the Burgtheater (architects G. Semper and K. Hasenauer).

At the end of the 19th century. A new architectural style emerges - the Vienna Secession.

October 23rd, 2012 , 01:04 pm