Where does Lake Ladoga flow into? Lake Ladoga: facts. Lake Ladoga in winter

There is such a charming region in Russia, the attractiveness of which is given by the magnificent mirror-like surface of countless lakes. Some information about this wonderful place can be found in this article. Here we will talk about the diversity of the landscape of this region, about where Lake Ladoga is located. A description will also be given.

This territory occupies the northwestern part of great Russia. It is discreet and at the same time surprisingly attractive and diverse. Taiga landscapes give way to swamps rich in cloudberries, lingonberries and cranberries. The more elevated areas are decorated with spruce forests and small-leaved forests.

This is one of the largest freshwater lakes in Europe. The length is 219 km, and the largest width is 138 km. The eastern and northern parts of it belong to Karelia, and the southern and southeastern shores belong to the Leningrad region. The water capacity of this lake is 908 km³.

Previously, the Littorin Sea was connected to the lake by a wide strait, and the river. Mga flowed to the east and also flowed into it.

Where it is now, the land rose rapidly, and thus the lake, after time, turned into a reservoir of a closed type. The water level began to increase, its waters flooded the river valley. Mga and broke into the Tosna valley. 4000 years ago, a strait appeared between the Gulf of Finland and Lake Ladoga, which is now the valley of the river. Neva. The relief has practically not changed over the last approximately 2.5 thousand years.

The northern section of Lake Ladoga is located on the Baltic Crystalline Shield, and the southern section is on the East European Platform.

From the history of Lake Ladoga

The described lake is present on one of the very first geographical maps of the Moscow state, which was compiled in 1544 by Sebastian Munster (German cartographer). A more detailed map was presented in 1812 at the Admiralty Department.

Ladoga has always been a territory of great strategic importance for Russia. In the 9th century, an important water route from the Varangians to the Greeks passed here. There is also documentary evidence of the existence of Nevo (the name of Lake Ladoga in the old days) - an Old Russian chronicle dated 1228. And the first capital before Kievan Rus was at the confluence of the river Ladoga. Volkhov. Petrovsky time is also associated with this lake. Lake Ladoga also witnessed the battles of the Northern War.

Where Lake Ladoga is located, a huge number of significant historical events took place. Do not list everything. But it is important to note that Lake Ladoga is the "Road of Life" during the Second World War. Most of the coast of the lake during this difficult time for the country was under the German-Finnish occupation. The people of Leningrad were cut off from the whole world. Only the southwestern part of the lake was open for communication with the Soviet troops (1941-1943). This route started from the port of Osinovets on Lake Ladoga and ended at the docks of Leningrad.

Over the entire period of the existence of this road, more than 1.5 million tons of cargo was transported and transported along it, which allowed the surviving residents of Leningrad to hold out until the blockade was lifted. Also, about 900 thousand people were evacuated along this road.

Much of the history is kept in this great lake. Today, at the place where the most important "Road of Life" ran, there are 102 memorial pillars and 7 monuments. All of them are included in the "Green Belt of Glory". This is a memory of the past very difficult times.

A harsh land of sheer cliffs and amber pines, sandy beaches and emerald green birches along the banks. Streams breaking off the rocks into Ladoga, and tiny lakes on the islands, warming up already in mid-May.
...Nerpas carefully look from the wet stones at the approaching kayak and with a graceful jump disappear into the depths almost without a splash. The cries of seagulls in the sky and the rustle of coastal reeds. The warmth of granite under bare feet and the ghostly light of the white night over distant islands. The roar of a storm, the quiet splash of water overboard, the creak of a gray-haired spruce over the tent, the smell of fire smoke from a neighboring island, the reflections of the rising sun on icy oars in the June night passage ...
Such impressions are the lot of anyone who wants to visit these amazing lands. They may find these notes helpful.

JOURNEY ON LADOGA LAKE

1. When
The northern part of Ladoga is very deep water and this has a direct impact on the climate of the coastal strip. Spring and summer in skerries come a few weeks later than a few tens of kilometers inland. So, for example, bird cherry is already blooming in Priozersk, and the first buds are just beginning to swell on the open banks of Ladoga.

Ladoga lake. View of Punakivensaari island
In May and early June, dense fog often comes from Ladoga. Getting lost in it and going to an open lake is a dubious pleasure. And among all that a tourist waterman is used to taking with him, a compass is needed on Ladoga.
At this time of the year, the water in skerries and bays can be covered with thin ice at night; the wind blowing from Ladoga is cold and damp. At the same time, in good sunny weather, a few hours after sunrise, a breeze begins to blow from the lake, the waves near the open coast and in straight bays reach a meter height (although Ladoga itself, a few kilometers from the coast, can be completely calm). But there are absolutely no mosquitoes, and the water is so clean and tasty that you can drink it straight from the lake.

July and August are the best months for a comfortable stay. The water temperature rises to an acceptable level (you can safely swim), there are a lot of berries and mushrooms on the islands.
Autumn is the most beautiful time of the year in the skerries, the banks of which are covered with gold and crimson. But starting from the second half of September, storms become more frequent, in addition, there are strong fogs in the mornings.
Plan your travel time with some margin for strong excitement. However, during the summer period, storms rarely last more than one or two days.

2. On what
You can travel around Ladoga on any watercraft - from a fragile rubber boat to a cruise liner. But a kayak is the best option. The speed is high enough to pass through all the most interesting places from Priozersk to Pitkyaranta in ten days, however, the landscapes will not “flicker outside the window”, but will smoothly open in front of the tourist. Landing on the shore is possible in almost any place you like, regardless of the bottom topography and its depth. Relative mobility can also be called a plus - routes can be started and ended where necessary. And not without reason, despite the fact that good motor boats and even yachts are becoming more affordable, the number of those who go to Ladoga in kayaks is increasing every year.
The choice of kayak in the first place will depend on what style of hiking is most interesting for you.

For supporters of long and fast transitions, the best solution may be a kayak with the symbolic name "Ladoga" - this is the fastest of the domestic serial kayaks today, moreover, it holds a side wave and a strong wind well. However, it is not very maneuverable, which can be a disadvantage when approaching the coast with a large number of pitfalls.
Close in its seaworthiness to the legendary Taimen, the Neva kayak is noticeably lighter (by 30%), which is very important for those who get to the water without a car. On long transitions, some ill-conceived seating for the captain becomes noticeable (unlike the Taimen, the legs do not rest against the frames).
"Vuoksa". With the same shortcomings as the Neva, it has noticeably better stability, and maneuverability, thanks to an almost flat bottom, is simply wonderful. This is a good kayak for leisurely rowing along the coast and frequent landings on the islands.

3. Where
Priozersk A small town located on the shores of Lake Vuoksa, a three-hour electric train ride from the Finland Station in St. Petersburg. In Priozersk, from the platform to the water - a few meters. On a narrow strip of the beach it is convenient to collect kayaks. If you have free time, you can leave things for storage at the nearby boat station and visit the well-preserved Karela fortress, built by the Swedes at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries.
Vuoksu is connected with Lake Ladoga by a small river Tikhaya (the old name is Pärna). You should look for its source by passing under the railway bridge, located approximately 2 kilometers northwest of Priozersk. The river is calm, in the upper part there are several rifts. Approximately in the middle of its course, the Tikhaya passes under a road bridge. There is a small threshold in this place, but it is possible to land on the shore and encircle the obstacle by land. After the bridge, the river becomes noticeably wider, the current slows down; to Lake Ladoga, there are no more difficulties.
Ladoga lake. Pekkosaaret Islands Blacksmith's.
The next station after Priozersk. Almost all trains arriving from St. Petersburg are met by motorists who, for a small amount, can take them to the village of Berezovo. The advantage in this option of starting a trip is that in the event of a strong wind on the lake, you can still start the route, hiding behind the islands (while leaving Tikhaya for Ladoga with significant excitement can be a very difficult and even risky undertaking).

Lake Ladoga, painting by Aivazovsky

Climate
The climate over Lake Ladoga is temperate, transitional from temperate continental to temperate maritime. This type of climate is explained by the geographical location and atmospheric circulation characteristic of the Leningrad region. This is due to the relatively small amount of solar heat entering the earth's surface and into the atmosphere.
Due to the small amount of solar heat, moisture evaporates slowly. There are an average of 62 sunny days per year. Therefore, during most of the year, days with cloudy, overcast weather and diffused lighting prevail. The length of the day varies from 5 hours 51 minutes at the winter solstice to 18 hours 50 minutes at the summer solstice. The so-called "white nights" are observed over the lake, coming on May 25-26, when the sun drops below the horizon by no more than 9 °, and the evening twilight practically merges with the morning. The white nights end on July 16-17. In total, the duration of the white nights is more than 50 days. The amplitude of the average monthly sums of direct solar radiation on a horizontal surface with a clear sky is from 25 MJ/m² in December to 686 MJ/m² in June. Cloudiness reduces, on average per year, the arrival of total solar radiation by 21%, and direct solar radiation by 60%. The average annual total radiation is 3156 MJ/m².

The lake itself has a significant impact on climatic conditions. This is characterized by the smoothing of extreme values ​​of climatic characteristics, as a result of which the continental air masses, passing over the surface of the lake, acquire the character of maritime air masses. The average air temperature in the area of ​​Lake Ladoga is +3.2 °C. The average temperature of the coldest month (February) is −8.8 °C, the warmest (July) is +16.3 °C. The average annual rainfall is 475 mm. The smallest monthly amount of precipitation falls in February-March (24 mm), the largest - in September (58 mm).
During the year, western and southwestern winds prevail in most of Lake Ladoga. The average monthly wind speed in the open part of the lake and on most of the islands from October to January-February is 6-9 m/s, in the remaining months 4-7 m/s. On the coast, the average monthly wind speed varies from 3 to 5 m/s. Calms are rarely observed. In October, storm winds with a speed of more than 20 m/s are often observed on Lake Ladoga, the maximum wind speed reaches 34 m/s. Breezes are observed along the entire coast in summer on windless sunny days and clear nights. The lake breeze begins at about 9 am and lasts until 8 pm, its speed is 2-6 m/s; it extends 9-15 km inland. Fogs are observed most often in spring, late summer and autumn.

lighthouse on Ladoga at the source of the Neva

Shores, bottom topography and hydrography of the lake
The area of ​​the lake without islands is from 17.6 thousand km² (with islands 18.1 thousand km²); length from south to north - 219 km, maximum width - 138 km. The volume of the water mass of the lake is 908 km³. This is 12 times more than is annually poured into it by rivers and carried out by the Neva River. Seasonal fluctuations in the water level in the lake are small due to the large area of ​​the water surface of this reservoir and due to the relatively small annual variation in the amount of water entering it. The latter is due to the presence of large lakes within the watershed of Lake Ladoga and the presence of hydropower facilities on all major tributaries, which together provide a fairly uniform inflow of water throughout the year.
The coastline of the lake is more than 1000 km. The northern shores, ranging from Priozersk in the west to Pitkäranta in the east, are mostly high, rocky, heavily indented, forming numerous peninsulas and narrow bays (fjords and skerries), as well as small islands separated by straits. The southern shores are low, slightly indented, flooded due to the neotectonic submeridional skew of the lake. The coast here is replete with shoals, rocky reefs and banks. In the southern half of the lake there are three large bays: Svirskaya, Volkhovskaya and Shlisselburgskaya bays. The eastern shore is not very indented, two bays protrude into it - Lunkulanlahti and Uksunlahti, fenced off from the side of the lake by one of the largest islands of Ladoga - Mantsinsaari. There are wide sandy beaches here. The west coast is even less indented. It is overgrown with dense mixed forest and shrubs, coming close to the water's edge, along which there are scatterings of boulders. Ridges of stones often go far from the capes into the lake, forming dangerous underwater shoals.

The relief of the bottom of Lake Ladoga is characterized by an increase in depth from south to north. The depth varies unevenly: in the northern part it ranges from 70 to 230 m, in the southern part - from 20 to 70 m. The average depth of the lake is 50 m, the largest is 233 m (to the north of. parts are calmer and more smooth Lake Ladoga ranks eighth among the deepest lakes in Russia.

Transparency is 2–2.5 m near the western coast of Lake Ladoga, 1–2 m near the eastern coast, 0.3–0.9 m in the mouth areas, and increases to 4.5 m towards the center of the lake. .5-1 m), and the largest - to the west of the Valaam Islands (in summer 8-9, in winter over 10 m). There are constant disturbances on the lake. During severe storms, the water in it "boils", and the waves are almost completely covered with foam. In the water regime, surge phenomena are characteristic (fluctuations in the water level by 50-70 cm annually, up to a maximum of 3 m), seiches (up to 3-4 m), wave height during storms up to 6 m. The lake freezes in December (coastal part) - February (central part), opens in April - May. The central part is covered with solid ice only in very severe winters. Due to the long and strong winter cooling, the water in the lake is very cold even in summer; it warms up only in the thin upper layer and in the coastal strip. The temperature regime differs in the central deep part of the lake and on the coast. The water temperature on the surface in August is up to 24 ° C in the south, 18-20 ° C in the center, near the bottom about 4 ° C, in winter under ice 0-2 ° C. The water is fresh and clean (except for areas polluted by industrial waste), minerals and salts are dissolved in negligible amounts. Water belongs to the hydrocarbonate class (low content of calcium and magnesium salts, slightly more nickel, aluminum).

Ladoga, Cape Rihiniemi

Basin and islands
35 rivers flow into Lake Ladoga. The largest river that flows into it is the one that carries water into it from Lake Onega. Water also enters the lake through the Vuoksa River from Lake Saimaa, and from Lake Ilmen. The rivers Morie, Avloga, Burnaya, Kokkolanioki, Soskuanjoki, Iijoki, Airajoki, Tohmajoki, Janisjoki, Syuskuyanjoki, Uksunjoki, Tulemajoki, Miinalanjoki, Vidlitsa, Tuloxa, Olonka, Obzhanka, Voronezhka, Lava, Ryabinovka, Naziia and others also flow into it. The Neva is the only river flowing from Lake Ladoga.

The catchment area is 258,600 km². Approximately 85% (3820 mm) of the incoming part of the water balance comes from the inflow of river waters, 13% (610 mm) from atmospheric precipitation and 2% (90 mm) from the inflow of groundwater. About 92% (4170 mm) of the expenditure part of the balance goes to the Neva runoff, 8% (350 mm) to evaporation from the water surface. The water level in the lake is not constant. Its fluctuations are clearly visible in a lighter stripe on the surface of the rocks that go into the water.
There are about 660 islands on Lake Ladoga (more than 1 ha in area) with a total area of ​​435 km². Of these, about 500 are concentrated in the northern part of the lake, in the so-called skerry region, as well as in the Valaam (about 50 islands, including the Bayevye islands), the Western archipelagos and the Mantsinsaari group of islands (about 40 islands). The largest islands are Riekkalansari (55.3 km²), Mantsinsaari (39.4 km²), Kilpola (32.1 km²), Tulolansari (30.3 km²) and Valaam (27.8 km²).
The most famous on Lake Ladoga are the Valaam Islands - an archipelago of about 50 islands with an area of ​​\u200b\u200babout 36 km², due to its location on. Also known is the island of Konevets, on which the monastery is also located.

Flora and fauna
The northern and eastern shores of Lake Ladoga belong to the middle taiga subzone, while the southern and western coasts belong to the southern taiga subzone. The middle taiga is characterized by blueberry spruce forests without undergrowth, with a dense forest stand and a continuous cover of shiny green mosses. In the subzone of the southern taiga, dark coniferous species with undergrowth dominate, where linden, maple, and elm are sometimes found, a grass layer appears with the participation of oak grasses, and the moss cover is less developed than in the middle taiga. The most characteristic type of forest is sorrel spruce forests.
The islands of the lake are rocky, with high, up to 60-70 m, sometimes sheer shores, covered with forest, sometimes almost bare or with sparse vegetation. The southern and southwestern shores of the lake are overgrown with reeds and cattails for 150 km. There are shelters and nesting places for waterfowl. There are many nesting gulls on the islands, they grow blueberries, lingonberries, and larger ones have mushrooms.
There are 120 species of higher aquatic plants in Lake Ladoga. Along the shores of the islands and the mainland stretches a strip of reed thickets 5-10 m wide. Various groups of macrophytes develop in bays deeply cut into the land. The width of the overgrowth belt in these places reaches 70-100 m. There is almost no aquatic vegetation along the eastern and western shores of the lake. In the open waters of the lake, vegetation is poorly developed. This is hampered by great depth, low water temperature, a small amount of dissolved nutrient salts, coarse-grained bottom sediments, as well as frequent and strong waves. Therefore, the most diverse vegetation is found in the northern - skerry - region of Ladoga. 154 species of diatoms, 126 species of green algae and 76 species of blue-green algae are common in the lake. The deep Ladoga waters contain only 60-70 thousand microorganisms per cm³, and in the surface layer - from 180 to 300 thousand, which indicates a weak self-cleaning ability of the lake.
In Lake Ladoga, 378 species and varieties of planktonic animals were identified. More than half of the species are rotifers. A quarter of the total number of species are protozoans, and 23 percent fall together on cladocerans and copepods. The most common zooplankton species in the lake are daphnia and cyclops. A large group of aquatic invertebrates lives at the bottom of the lake. In Ladoga, 385 species of them were found (mostly various crustaceans). The first place in the composition of the benthic fauna belongs to insect larvae, which account for more than half of all species of bottom animals - 202 species. Next come worms (66 species), water mites, or hydrocarines, molluscs, crustaceans, and others.

The lake is rich in freshwater fish, which go to the rivers to spawn. 53 species and varieties of fish live in Lake Ladoga: Ladoga slingshot, salmon, trout, char, whitefish, vendace, smelt, bream, cheese, blue bream, silver bream, rudd, asp, catfish, pike perch, roach, perch, pike, burbot and others . Human impact on the reservoir reduces the number of valuable fish - salmon, trout, char, lake-river whitefish and others, and the Atlantic sturgeon and Volkhov whitefish are listed in the Red Book of Russia. The most productive areas include the shallow southern part of the lake with depths of up to 15-20 m, where the main fishery is concentrated, and the least productive is the northern skerry area. From the Gulf of Finland along the Neva for spawning to the Volkhov, to other rivers, the sturgeon passes through the lake. Pike perch is found along the southern and southeastern shores of Lake Ladoga. Salmon lives in the lake, which goes to the rivers in autumn, where it spawns. In Lake Ladoga and, Siberian sturgeon and other fish.

In the Ladoga area, 256 species of birds belonging to 17 orders are regularly found. More than 50 species of birds were recorded here during the transit migration in spring and autumn. The migration links of the Ladoga region cover the space from Iceland to India and from South Africa to Novaya Zemlya. The most attractive territories for birds are the southern Ladoga region. Grebes, swans, geese, ducks, waders, gulls, terns, cranes and shepherds, as well as nesting nests of river ducks, crested ducks, red-headed pochards, gulls, terns, curlews, common and medium curlews, black-tailed godwit, herbalist, golden plover and other shorebirds, the common crane, white-tailed eagle, osprey, red-footed falcon, eagle owl, gray owl, short-eared owl and a number of other birds. The northern skerries are nesting grounds for the gray-cheeked grebe, large and medium-sized mergansers, gulls (including barnacle gulls and grouse), terns (including arctic tern), waders and many other species; accumulations of arctic ducks and waders are observed on migration.
The only representative of pinnipeds, the Ladoga ringed seal, lives in Lake Ladoga. The number of seals in the lake is estimated at 4,000-5,000 heads (according to 2000 data). The species is listed in the Red Book.

LADOGA Skerries
Since 2008, the Ladoga Skerries National Park has been created in the skerries of the north of Lake Ladoga on the territory of Karelia. The territory of the future park will be about 150 thousand hectares, approximately from the southern border with the Leningrad region to the village of Impilahti in the Pitkyaranta region. The Ladoga Skerries National Park is a territory with a unique landscape and climate, outcropping of Precambrian rocks, intact forests and rare plant species; the Ladoga seal lives here.

Northern part of the ladoga

History of LADOGA LAKE
Through Lake Ladoga from Scandinavia through Eastern Europe to Byzantium, since the 9th century, the waterway "From the Varangians to the Greeks" passed. In the 8th century, the city of Ladoga was founded not far from the confluence of Lake Ladoga, no later than the 12th century, the city of Korela arose on the northwestern shore, and in 1323, at the source of the Neva, the Oreshek fortress. At the end of the XIV century on, and on the island of Konevets - the Konevsky Nativity of the Theotokos Monastery.

As a result of the defeat in the war with Sweden under the Stolbovsky Peace of 1617, the northern, western and southern coasts of Lake Ladoga became part of the Swedish Ingermanland. The Russian fortress Oreshek was renamed Noteburg (Nut City), and the Korela fortress was renamed Kexholm. On the northern shore of the lake in 1632, the Swedes founded the urban settlement of Sordvalla.
At the initial stage of the Northern War of 1700-1721, Lake Ladoga and its coast became the scene of hostilities. In 1702, a battle of ships took place in the area of ​​Kexholm. On October 11, 1702, the Noteburg fortress at the source of the Neva was taken by storm. Peter I, it was renamed Shlisselburg (Key City). By order of Tsar Peter I in 1704, the city of Novaya Ladoga was founded on the southern coast of Lake Ladoga. In 1705, Russian troops crossed the lake on ice and occupied the city of Sordvalla for three days. In 1710, the city of Kexholm was taken by storm. According to the Nystadt peace treaty of 1721, the coast of Lake Ladoga became completely Russian. To simplify navigation along the southern shore of the lake in 1718-1731, the Staroladoga Canal was built from the Neva to the Volkhov. In 1861-1866, the Novoladozhsky Canal was built instead of the shallowed canal.
From 1939 to 1944, the Ladoga military flotilla operated in Lake Ladoga as part of the Baltic Fleet. During the Great Patriotic War in 1941-1944, most of the coast of Lake Ladoga was occupied by German and Finnish troops. In the southwestern part of the lake, from September 1941 to March 1943, the Road of Life operated, linking the blockaded city of Leningrad with the rest of the country. The road was organized in September 1941 from the port of Osinovets along Lake Ladoga: in navigation - by water transport to Kobona (35 km) and Novaya Ladoga (135 km), in ice formation - by road to Kobona. During this time, 1.6 million tons of cargo was delivered along the Road of Life and about 1,376 thousand people were evacuated to the mainland.

History of lake research
Novgorodians for several centuries had on Ladoga not only a merchant fleet, but also a navy. From them, geographical information in different ways got to Western European cartographers. On one of the first maps of the Moscow state, made by the medieval German scientist Sebastian Munster in 1544, Lake Ladoga is indicated. On the drawing of Russia in 1600, compiled by Tsarevich Fyodor Godunov, Lake Ladoga is written with great accuracy in the outlines of the shores. In the middle of the 18th century, the “Map of Lake Ladoga and the Canal” was drawn up, which shows the coastline and the route of the canal, indicating its profiles.
In 1763-1765, on behalf of the State Admiralty Board, an expedition led by Lieutenant Commander D. Selyaninov carried out a sounding in the middle part of the lake, explored its coastal part near Shlisselburg, and only reconnaissance was carried out along the remaining shores. A handwritten map was drawn up, which was not printed. Later, hydrographers M. P. Fondezin and S. I. Mordvinov conducted research in other areas near the shores of the lake. On the basis of this information, in 1812, the drawing room of the Admiralty Department compiled and published the first map of the entire Lake Ladoga. In 1858, the Naval Ministry ordered a systematic inventory of the lake, for which the Hydrographic Department equipped an expedition led by staff captain A.P. Andreev, which worked until 1866. As a result of the expedition, the Russian Geographical Society in 1875 awarded A.P. Andreev with a large gold and silver medal.

In the 1930s, the Office for Navigational Safety in the Baltic Sea organized the second expedition to conduct a systematic inventory of Lake Ladoga, created a new triangulation network on the shores of the lake to the border with Finland, and with the help of fishermen, the coastal and central parts of the lake were measured. A topographic survey was carried out in the coastal strip of land, a network of footstocks was deployed to observe fluctuations in the level of the lake, and many banks were examined. Based on these materials, maps and plans were drawn up at a scale of 1:100,000–1:25,000, and for individual bays at a scale of 1:10,000. which the old plans were updated and new plans appeared on a scale of 1:10,000.

Economic importance
The lake is navigable, it is part of the waterway, which is part of the Volga-Baltic waterway and the White Sea-Baltic Canal. The most intensive movement of ships is carried out in the south of the lake from the Neva River. Serious storms are not uncommon on Ladoga, especially in autumn. Then, for safety reasons, the movement of passenger ships on Ladoga may be temporarily prohibited.
Since the founding of St. Petersburg, Lake Ladoga has become an integral part of the water transport system of the northern part of Russia. In order to ensure the safety of navigation along the southern shore of the lake, a well-known hydraulic engineer, whose work was highly appreciated by Peter Minikh, laid a canal, later called the Staraya Ladoga Canal. When its size turned out to be small, the Novoladozhsky Canal was laid a little to the north for uninterrupted movement along the southern shore of the lake from the Neva to the Svir, the length of which is 169 km. Now the Staraya Ladoga canal is almost completely overgrown and dried up, and the Novoladozhsky canal is still used to this day for the passage of river vessels that are not adapted to lake conditions. As of 2000, about 8 million tons of various cargoes are transported across the lake. Oil and oil products (4 million tons per year), chemical raw materials (0.63), timber (0.39), building materials (0.13), other (0.41) are transported from the Volga to the Baltic. In the opposite direction building materials (1.2), other (1.11). In addition, about 77,000 passengers are transported annually on Lake Ladoga: 40,000 in the Volga-Baltic direction and 37,000 in the Baltic-Volga direction. in navigation 2010-2012 they work from April 30 to November 15.
Tourist cruises to and Konevets are made from St. Petersburg, Moscow, Priozersk, Sortavala. When tourist ships enter the Valaam archipelago, the ship sails along the central water area of ​​Ladoga, while the coast is not visible. In strong winds, quite sensitive pitching is possible. There is no regular passenger service on the lake, but regularly several times a day during navigation along the routes Sortavala - Valaam, Pitkyaranta - Valaam and Priozersk - Konevets tourist ships, including hydrofoils, go.
Leading commercial importance are about 10 species of fish, among which the most massive were vendace, ripus and smelt. Pike perch and various forms of lake whitefish are also quite numerous.

The largest island (28 km²) in the Valaam archipelago. It is composed of basalts and diabases, covered with coniferous forests.
The monastic tradition says that the holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called, the Enlightener of the Scythians and Slavs, having arrived from Kyiv to Novgorod, along the Volkhov River reached Lake Ladoga, and then Valaam, where he blessed the mountains of the island with a cross.
On the island is the Valaam stauropegial monastery in honor of the Transfiguration of the Lord. The monastery was founded in the X-XI century. The center of the ensemble of the monastery is the five-domed Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Savior in the Russian-Byzantine style (1887-1896, architects A. V. Silin, G. I. Karpov, N. D. Prokofiev). The Holy Gates (end of the 17th - beginning of the 19th centuries), the church of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul (1802-1809), the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity (1814, 1837), a hotel (1852, architect A. M. Gornostaev), a workhouse ( 1871, architect G. I. Karpov), hegumen cemetery with the Church of the Reverend Fathers (consecrated in 1876). Outside the main ensemble there are sketes, chapels, worship crosses.

Konevets Island
Konevsky Nativity-Bogorodichny Monastery
An island with an area of ​​8.5 km², in the west of the lake, 6.5 km from the shore. The Konevsky Nativity-Bogorodichny Monastery is located on the island. The name of the island comes from a boulder weighing more than 750 tons located here - the Horse-stone, which until the end of the 14th century served as a place of pagan sacrifices. The monastery was founded in 1393 by the Monk Arseny. The main attraction of the monastery is the building of the church in the name of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary (first half of the 19th century, architects S. G. Ivanov, I. B. Slupsky, A. M. Gornostaev), in which the relics of the Reverend Arseny Konevsky are buried.

Memorial "Road of Life"
The complex of memorial structures in the "Green Belt of Glory of Leningrad" at the borders of the Leningrad Battle of 1941-1944 on the Road of Life route - the only transport communication linking Leningrad with the rest of the country.
The complex includes 7 monuments, 46 memorial pillars along the highway and 56 pillars along the railway. Among them are the Flower of Life memorial complex at 3 km of the Road of Life (1968, architects A. D. Levenkov, P. I. Melnikov), a steam locomotive monument at the Ladoga Lake railway station (1974, architect V. I. Kuznetsov), a memorial The Broken Ring complex at 40 km of the Road of Life highway, on the shore of Lake Ladoga near the village of Kokkorevo (monument and anti-aircraft gun, 1966, architect V. G. Filippov, designer K. M. Simun, engineer I. A. Rybin ), the “Crossing” monument near the village named after Morozov on the right bank of the Neva, dedicated to the pontoon soldiers (1970, architect L. M. Drexler, engineer E. N. Lutsko), the “Steel Way” stele at the Petrokrepost railway station, installed in honor of the railroad heroes who worked on the Road of Life (1972, architect M. N. Meisel, I. G. Yavein, sketch G. D. Glinman) and others.

NEW LADOGA
The city is located on the left bank of the Volkhov River, at its confluence with Lake Ladoga. Novaya Ladoga was founded in 1704 by Emperor Peter I. Among the sights of the city: the Nikolo-Medvedsky Monastery (the temple of John the Evangelist (XVII century), St. Nicholas Cathedral (XV-XVI century), the remains of a wall and a moat), the Gostiny Dvor building (1841), barracks the former Suzdal regiment (XVIII century), a monument to A. V. Suvorov, the Staraya Ladoga Canal (first half of the XVIII century).

Shlisselburg
Shlisselburg is located on the left bank at the head of the Neva River near Lake Ladoga. The city was founded by Prince Yuri Danilovich of Novgorod in 1323, who laid a wooden fortress on Oreshek Island. In 1613, during the Swedish intervention, the fortress was captured by the Swedes and renamed Noteburg. In 1702, it was conquered from the Swedes by Peter I, who gave the city its current name.
Among the sights of the city: the Oreshek fortress (1323), the monument to Peter I (architect M. M. Antokolsky), the Staraya Ladoga Canal (the first half of the 18th century), the Annunciation Cathedral (1764-1795), St. Nicholas Church (1739).

Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral of the Valaam Monastery Konevsky Nativity of the Theotokos Monastery Memorial Complex
"Broken Ring" Church at the mouth of the Staraya Ladoga Canal in Shlisselburg Former church in Kharvia

Priozersk
The Karelian settlement at this place has been known since the 12th century. In 1310, the Novgorodians built the capital Korela fortress at the mouth of the Vuoksa. In 1580, the Swedes took the fortress and renamed it Kexholm. In 1710 it passed into the possession of the Russian Empire.
In the city there is the Korela fortress with the Round Tower (1364), a low defensive wall and earth ramparts, old (1591) and new arsenals, fortress gates; Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary (1847, architect L. Visconti), Church of All Saints (1890-1892, architect J. Arinberg), Lutheran church (1930, architect Armas Lindgren).

Ladoga in culture
Ladoga, as a place where Karelians and Russians live together, left a noticeable imprint on the formation of their worldview and culture. The legendary “path from the Varangians to the Greeks” passed along the southern part of Lake Ladoga, which to a large extent contributed to the rapprochement of the cultures of the peoples inhabiting this area.
In the region of northern Ladoga, events took place that were included in the Karelian epic "Kalevala", orally transmitted by folk storytellers - rune singers, who accompanied their story by playing the national instrument - kantele.

city ​​of Sortavala

In the city of Sortavala there is a monument to the most famous of them, Petri Shemeikka. The poetic meter characteristic of the Karelian epic was used by Longfellow when presenting the epic of the Indians of North America in his Song of Hiawatha.
The nature of the Northern Ladoga region is reflected in the paintings of the classic of Finnish painting Akseli Gallen-Kallela, a contemporary of Nicholas Roerich, with whom he had a personal friendship, supported by a lively creative correspondence. Roerich in his early years (1899) walked along the Volkhov from Lake Ilmen to Lake Ladoga. In 1907 he visited Helsingfors (Helsinki), Imatra, Savonlinna, Turku and Lokhya, and since 1916 he generally settled in Sortavala and spent about two years there, visiting its picturesque surroundings and the islands of the Western archipelago. It was here that his specific worldview was formed, and he established himself as a creative person. About two hundred of his sketches and paintings were written here, including the painting “Overseas guests” noted by Leo Tolstoy. Almost all of his poems, a number of articles, the fairy tale "Giant Make-up Artist", the play "Mercy", as well as the only story "Flame" were written. Together with Gorky and Repin, he played a significant role in the development of Russian-Finnish cultural ties.
Ladoga occupies a special place in Russian painting. The picturesque nature of the lake and especially the Valaam Islands has attracted Russian landscape painters since the middle of the 19th century. Primordial nature served as nature for the works of such famous masters as I. I. Shishkin, A. I. Kuindzhi, F. A. Vasiliev, N. K. Roerich.

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SOURCE OF INFORMATION AND PHOTO
Team Nomads
Nezhikhovsky R. A. The Neva River and the Neva Bay. - L .: Gidrometeoizdat, 1981.
Kravchuk P. A. Records of nature. - Lyubeshov: Erudit, 1993. - 216 p. ISBN 5-7707-2044-1.
Great Russian Encyclopedia. T. 16. - M.: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2010. S. 576-578.
Boguslavsky O.I. Southern Ladoga region in the system of trans-Eurasian relations in the 9th—12th centuries
Resource potential of the meadows of the Western Ladoga region
Pospelov E.M. Geographical names of the world: Toponymic dictionary. - 2nd ed., stereotype. - M .: Russian dictionaries, Astrel, AST, 2001. S. 106-107.
Mamontova N. Toponymy of the Ladoga Region
Jackson T. N. Aldeigya. Archeology and toponymy // Monuments of medieval culture: Discoveries and versions. SPb., 1994. S. 77-79.
Kalesnik S. V. Lake Ladoga
Darinsky A. V. Leningrad region. L .: Lenizdat, 1975. S. 40.
Ladoga lake. Navigational and geographical outline
I. F. Pravdin. Lakes of Karelia / Alexandrov B. M., Zytsar N. A., Novikov P. I. et al. - Petrozavodsk: State Publishing House of the Karelian ASSR, 1959. - S. 361-385. — 618 p.
Atlas of the Leningrad region. - M .: GUGK at the Council of Ministers of the USSR, 1967. - S. 24-25.
V. A. Kirillov, I. M. Raspopov. Lakes of the Leningrad region. L.: Lenizdat, 1971
Atlas "Lake Ladoga". — Institute of Lake Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences. - SPb., 2002. - S. 120. - 128 p.
Wikipedia website
http://www.laatokka.info/

The nature of the North-Western part of Russia is amazingly attractive. The discreet beauty of the taiga landscapes is replaced by vast swamps rich in cranberries and cloudberries. Elevated areas are decorated with small-leaved forests and spruce forests. But the unique charm of this region of Russian nature is given by the mirror-like surface of numerous lakes.

Ladoga lake- the largest in Europe, the length of which is 219 km with the greatest width - 138 km. The northern and eastern parts of the reservoir belong to Karelia. The western, southeastern and southern shores of Lake Ladoga are located in the Leningrad Region. Ladoga contains 908 km³ of water. Replenishment of water resources occurs at the expense of 35 flowing rivers. One river flows out of Lake Ladoga - the Neva.

The area of ​​Lake Ladoga is 18135 km², the length of the coastline is 1570 km. The bottom relief is characterized by sharp drops in the north and a more gentle character in the south. The values ​​of the depths of Lake Ladoga are very diverse: from 60–220 m in the northern part and from 15–70 m in the southern part. Usually, the steeper and higher the coast, the greater the depths observed near them. Near the Valaam archipelago, the maximum depth of Lake Ladoga was recorded - 233 meters.

Islands of Lake Ladoga

There are about five hundred large and small islands in the waters of Lake Ladoga. The largest of them make up the Valaam archipelago. Famous in the Orthodox world, the Konevets monastery on Lake Ladoga was erected on another large island - Konevets, about 600 years ago. Some islands are separated from each other by small straits - the famous skerries of Ladoga, which give this region a unique beauty.

History of Lake Ladoga - historical references, the "road of life", finds and artifacts

Ladoga is present on one of the first geographical maps of the Moscow state, compiled in 1544 by the German cartographer Sebastian Munster.

The first detailed map of Lake Ladoga was compiled by the Admiralty Department in 1812.

For Russia, Ladoga was of strategic importance: an important part of the waterway "from the Varangians to the Greeks" passed through its expanses in the 9th century. A documentary mention of the “great Lake Nevo” (as Lake Ladoga was called in the old days) is first found in the Old Russian chronicle of 1228. The first capital before Kievan Rus was located near the confluence of the Volkhov River into Lake Ladoga.

Novgorodians kept merchant ships and a military flotilla on Ladoga. Many pages of the Petrine era are closely connected with this lake. The local lands are witnesses of the glorious battles on Lake Ladoga during the Great Northern War.

"The road of life"

During World War II, from 1941 to 1944, most of the coast of Lake Ladoga was under German-Finnish occupation. Residents of cities and villages were actually cut off from the world. And only in the southwestern part of Ladoga there was communication with the Soviet troops. This "road of life" functioned from September 1941 to March 1943. The path connected the residents of besieged Leningrad with the rest of the country. The "Road of Life" began from the port of Osinovets on Lake Ladoga, and ended at the docks of Leningrad. In summer, by water, and in winter, along the ice road, food, medicines and essentials were transported to the city under a hail of enemy shells. In total, during the existence of the “road of life”, 1.6 million tons of various cargo were transported, which allowed the inhabitants of Leningrad to hold out until the blockade was lifted. But food was brought along this path and people were taken out. Approximately 1,400 people were evacuated in this way. At the place where the "road of life" ran, 7 monuments and 102 memorial pillars were installed. All of them are included in the Green Belt of Glory.

Finds at the bottom of Lake Ladoga

The bottom of Ladoga still keeps numerous interesting and valuable artifacts from different eras. The ancient Vikings, soldiers of the Northern and Great Patriotic Wars, left their mark. Of course, first of all, Lake Ladoga hides the traces of the Second World War. A vivid example of this is "Death Bay". In this place in August 1941 there was an urgent evacuation of rifle and motorized Soviet divisions. For two weeks, under fierce artillery and mortar fire, the ships were removed from the shore of the fighters. The small bay was literally bombarded with shells. Until now, the entire bottom of the lake is covered with a layer of shells, shell fragments and iron.

For more than ten years, the project "Secrets of sunken ships" has been carried out throughout the entire territory of Lake Ladoga. The participants in this project are compiling a register in which they enter a description of the sunken ships and aircraft found. Thanks to the fresh cold water of Ladoga, all objects are perfectly preserved at the bottom. They are of great interest to diving enthusiasts.

Lake Ladoga on the map of Russia and the depth map

The historical name of Lake Ladoga is Nevo. The reservoir is located on the border of two regions. The southwestern part is located in the Leningrad region, and the northeastern part is in the Republic of Karelia. The area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe reservoir is very large, therefore it is conventionally divided into parts. The northern Ladoga area belongs to southern Karelia, two districts of the Leningrad region are considered southern - Volkhovsky and Kirovsky. Lake Ladoga is also divided into the eastern and western Ladoga: the Olonets region of the Republic of Karelia and the Karelian Isthmus, respectively.

On the shores of Lake Ladoga in the Republic of Karelia are the cities of Sortavala, Lahdenpokhya, Pitkyaranta. From the side of the Leningrad region there are also large settlements - the cities of Priozersk, Shlisselburg and Novaya Ladoga. Many small and large tributaries flow into the lake, and only one river flows out of it - Velikaya Neva. In the southern part of the reservoir there are three beautiful large bays. These are the Shlisselburg, Svir and Volkhov bays.

Geographic map

Map of the depths of Lake Ladoga

The relief of the bottom of Lake Ladoga is heterogeneous. The depth gradually increases from south to north. In the northern part, the bottom surface is uneven, there are many depressions and underwater rocks. Depths of 100 meters or more prevail. In the north of Ladoga, the largest

the depth of the lake, which is 230 meters. The depth of the depression opposite the Kurkijoki skerries reaches 220 meters.

In the southern part of Ladoga, the bottom topography is smoothed. There are no deep depressions and sharp drops. Depths fluctuate between 25–50 meters. But this is not particularly noticeable, because the bottom relief is even, without rocks and pits. Closer to the center of the lake, the depth has an average value of 50 meters.

Climate and weather on Lake Ladoga

The climate on Ladoga is humid and mild, close to the sea. Winter, although cold, passes without severe frosts, summer is cool. Ice binds the lake at the end of October and stays until the beginning of May, and the central part of Ladoga does not freeze every winter. The greatest thickness of ice is observed in the bays - 30–60 cm.

The average annual water temperature in Lake Ladoga is 3.5 °C. This reservoir is characterized by the presence of a thermal front with warmer water in spring and autumn, gradually moving from coastal shallow areas to the center of the lake. On the warmer southern coast, the water in Lake Ladoga warms up to +20 °C, although at the same time, at depths, the thermometer does not show temperatures above +4 °C. The thermal front is detected by the formation of a strip of foam with floating debris and flocks of gulls that prey on small fish.

The weather is notable for its inconsistency - a complete calm in just half an hour is replaced by a real storm. On Ladoga, with strong winds, waves reach 4 meters in height, and near Valaam Island, a wave 7.5 meters high was recorded. numerous protruding cans and ridges, takes on the character of a disorderly crowd. The instability of weather conditions is associated with a sudden invasion of cold air masses from the Arctic. The insidious nature of the unrest on Lake Ladoga caused the death of a huge number of ships and small boats.

In 2002, they launched the expeditionary research project "Secrets of Sunken Ships", whose experts identified more than 10 thousand objects that sank in Ladoga and the Gulf of Finland. Most of the finds at the bottom of Lake Ladoga, thanks to fresh water and low temperatures, have been preserved in surprisingly good condition and are of great interest to scientists and treasure hunters.

Unusual natural phenomena on Ladoga

Some local places are characterized by unusual natural phenomena, which gave rise to many legends of Lake Ladoga. In clear warm weather, mirages can suddenly appear above the water surface - imaginary outlines of distant islands, coastal buildings, sailing ships.

Another unique phenomenon is brontides. A distinct rumble is heard from underground on the shore or directly from the lake, accompanied by a slight vibration of the earth or the seething of waters. More often this phenomenon is observed near about. Balaam. Scientists explain this interesting phenomenon by tectonic movements occurring at the bottom of the lake.

Nature of Lake Ladoga: animals, plants and fish

Many sites near Lake Ladoga have been preserved in their original beauty. In the picturesque faults of severe rocks, the ancient history of this region is visible. Islands, rocky shoals, mountain slopes covered with pine forests were once covered by the waters of a prehistoric sea that stretched north to the ocean.

Rare species of flora and fauna are found in the protected areas of Lake Ladoga. On the picturesque slopes of the reef mountains facing south, southern plant species unusual for these latitudes (linear onion, sand carnation) grow. The northern areas on the shores of Lake Ladoga are chosen by tundra plants: snow saxifrage and alpine saxifrage. At the foot of the mountains, representatives of broad-leaved forests feel good: Norway maple and elm (mountain elm). Numerous edges of spruce forests in June adorn purple aconites with their flowering.

Animals common to the taiga zone are found on Ladoga: foxes, elks, hares, wolves, bears, etc. The gently sloping rocks in the north are a rookery for a very rare species - the Ladoga seal. This marine mammal has adapted to the conditions of a freshwater lake. The Ladoga seal reaches 130 cm in length and 50–70 kg of weight. The skin of this animal is decorated with a pattern of pale rings (ringed is another name for the seal). In February-March, they prepare holes in the snow hummocks, where the female gives birth to one 4-kilogram cub. When the lake is freed from the ice cover, flocks of seals come to the shores of the Valaam archipelago.

Fish that live in the lake

The ichthyofauna of Lake Ladoga is represented by more than 50 species of fish, including whitefish and salmon. About half of the commercial production on Ladoga is accounted for by pike perch, whitefish and smelt. And also of commercial importance are: cyprinids (roach, bream, ide), perch, vendace, pike, trout, ruff. It is found in the local waters of lamprey (brook and river), silver bream, blue bream. The main commercial fish, zander, lives on Ladoga in the shallower southern half of the lake. Often it reaches here 8 kg of weight. Ladoga salmon prefers the northern depths of Ladoga, and for spawning it goes along the rivers flowing into Lake Ladoga (Burnaya, Vidlitsa, Svir). And also in the northern regions of the lake, the Baltic sturgeon, char, and occasionally sterlet are found.

Fishing on Lake Ladoga - winter ice and open water

You can return from Ladoga with significant catches all year round. The content of oxygen dissolved in Ladoga water approaches 100%, so the period of "deafness" is not observed here, and this Lake Ladoga compares favorably with most inland water bodies.

Winter ice fishing on Ladoga

Winter on this lake is the fishing season, but also quite dangerous. Strong winds can cause fast ice to break. Sometimes huge fields of ice in a squally wind crumble into small ice floes in a short time.

The distances here are long, so good fishing is impossible without a snowmobile or a car. Completely Ladoga is very rarely covered with ice, and usually strong ice forms along the perimeter of the coast no further than 10–15 km. But even this distance is quite enough for effective fishing. Perch and roach prefer to stay at a depth of 3–6 m in winter, and for this, most often it will be necessary to cut holes at an insignificant distance from the coast. Many anglers find pike on Ladoga in winter in shallow water overgrown with reeds, where the depth under the ice does not exceed 50 cm.

But the most interesting fishing on Ladoga in winter is perch fishing on a vertical lure. Perch lives here both small (up to 200 g) and quite decent sizes (up to 800 g). Fishermen usually use soldered hook baubles or baubles with jig hooks suspended on a chain.

Fishing on Lake Ladoga in open water

Trolling on Ladoga

Lake Ladoga is rich in fish. It is caught in different ways: both on a float and on spinning from the shore. But the most exciting is trolling fishing. Most of all, large pike and pike perch are caught on the bait, but if you're lucky, you can also fish out Ladoga salmon. If we talk about trolling, then this type of fishing is not only the most sporting, but also productive. All because it is possible to hold a wobbler or other bait over a large area of ​​the reservoir. You can change the level of penetration of the bait and thereby catch different depths. And the most important thing is that there is an opportunity to visit in search of a worthy trophy those parts of the lake where there is a regular bite, but there is no possibility of approach from the shore. You can troll on Ladoga day and night.

In the north of Ladoga in Karelia, salmon are caught at various depths, from 10 to 70 meters. It depends on the area of ​​the reservoir. The main thing is to constantly monitor the nature of the bottom and baits, since here in a matter of minutes the depth can change from 40 to 4 meters. Fishing is also complicated by the regular need to change the level of penetration of the wobbler, which is not required when fishing in the southern part of the lake.

When trolling for pike or zander, two to twelve spinning rods are used. The more baits, the better the bite. This is due to the fact that wobblers imitate the movement of a small flock. And this, of course, will arouse the interest of the predator. A trolling rod is different from a standard spinning rod. First, it must have a long and strong handle. Secondly, it is desirable to have a slightly larger number of guides, from 12 to 14. This will help to more evenly distribute the load on the rod. Thirdly, the length of the spinning is important. It is best to give preference to a rod with a length of 2.1 or 2.4 meters, this will be quite enough.

Accordingly, it is no less important and correct to choose the bait. Predators of Ladoga are very capricious. So you never know what they will choose. The stock of all kinds of wobblers, silicone twisters and vibrotails should not be small. But we can say with confidence that the most catchy baits are from 8 to 12 cm long. The true skill of a fisherman is not at all to pick up a wobbler that resembles a fish as much as possible, but to teach it correctly.

Fishing on Ladoga in spring

On Ladoga, however, as well as on other water bodies, fish come to the shore in droves for spawning. Large roach begins to be caught when blocks of ice are still floating on the water surface. In the catch of fishermen of the "first turn" of roach, there are specimens of 0.8-1.2 kg. Over time, there are more fish, but a trifle begins to predominate in the catch. They catch roach with a float rod for maggot or cut worm at the edge of reed beds at the shallowest depths. Feeding fish does not make sense - the fish is busy looking for a place to spawn and forgets about hunger. It is much more important to actively search for fish.

Following the roach, silver bream and bream go to spawn, but their size and quantity are not of particular interest for fishing. Here is the pike zhor that follows this promises very interesting fishing. During this period, the spotted predator is successfully caught “overhand” near the southern shore of Lake Ladoga, in reed beds. During this period, 3–6 kg specimens are sometimes found. Pike can be caught not only near the shore in reeds, but also in open water, within 30–40 meters from coastal vegetation. Used for catching pike on Lake Ladoga, most often large turntables or spinners-non-hooks.

Fishing on Lake Ladoga during the White Nights

The greatest interest during this period is the night fishing for zander. On Ladoga, trolling enthusiasts ply along rocky ridges 3-10 km from the coast. Pike perch actively moves in all layers of water, so they catch it at the same time with several spinning rods, equipping them with wobblers with different depths. Running wobblers for Ladoga are favorites for hunting zander. The most versatile colors are "acid" and "blue back". The main catch is zander 1.5-5 kg, but 10 kg trophies can be found.

Large pike live on the same rocky ridges, but you can catch them with larger baits (8-11 cm Shad will do).

Fishing on Ladoga in summer

Perch at this time begins to hunt for grown fry. Throwback fishing enthusiasts arm themselves with a light spinning rod and go in search of a schooling perch. The easiest way to detect fattening perches is by gulls. If a flock is found, then the size of the catch can only be affected by the speed of the haul. The flock may go deep, but usually it will soon appear somewhere nearby, and fishing can be resumed. In this way, perches weighing up to 700 g are mined. Larger trophies can be taken by trolling.

When fishing from the shore, you can only count on the capture of "laces". Larger fish prefer not to approach the shore closer than 2–5 km in summer.

Trophy pike is better caught not on the ridges, where the bottom of Lake Ladoga has a complex relief, but on the "runs". Therefore, in the summer, many fishermen simply plow the expanses of Ladoga, equipping their fishing rods with large spoons or wobblers.

Autumn fishing on Ladoga

With a cold snap, large fish begin to come closer to the shores. At this time, you can "cherish" at 2-meter depths. And before freezing, they fish effectively, as in spring, near the reeds. Good results are demonstrated by large oscillating ultra-light spinners or white rubber of large sizes with minimal loading and a pair of tees. In reed windows, various non-hooks are more suitable for catching pike.

Rest on the shore of Lake Ladoga

A distinctive feature of staying on Ladoga is a fairly developed tourist infrastructure. There are many bases around Ladoga offering their services. Here, fishermen can find not only a place to sleep, but also rent a boat, some gear, get expert advice, as well as have a delicious dinner, take a steam bath. In addition to fishing, here you can make organized excursions to the historical sights of Lake Ladoga, go on a cruise on Lake Ladoga or take a walk for mushrooms and berries, ride horses or bike.

Recreation centers

The recreation center "13th Cordon" is located in the village of Salmi. There are seven two-story comfortable cottages at the disposal of vacationers (from 5500 rubles per room). On the territory of the "13th Cordon" there are: a swimming pool, a cafe, two baths.5-hour rental

Grizli boats will cost 4 thousand rubles, a three-seater motor boat - 2 thousand rubles. Trolling on a boat accompanied by a huntsman - 3 thousand rubles / hour.

The Mikli-Olgino farm belongs to the village of Miinala, Lakhdenpokhsky district, in the immediate vicinity of the skerries of Ladoga. Two comfortable wooden cottages (from 900 rubles per person) and a separate eight-bed house on the shore of Lake Ladoga (8 thousand rubles for the whole house) were built on the farm. There is a sauna, a summer cafe, a billiard room at the base, a pier is equipped, and free parking is provided. You can rent equipment, a boat, an ATV, a bicycle. Holidays on the farm will especially appeal to lovers of secluded places.

"Stormy Ladoga" refers to the Priozersky district, located at the mouth of the Burnaya River. Here, tourists are provided with rooms in a guest house (from 1 thousand rubles per person). There is a sauna, a shooting range, a children's playground, a sports ground at the base. You can rent a rowing boat for 500 rubles per day, going to Ladoga on a motor will cost 900 rubles per day or 300 rubles per hour. Many vacationers visit this base specifically to play paintball among real bunkers and pillboxes on the Mannerheim Line. In winter, there are exciting snowmobile safaris.

How to get to Lake Ladoga

It is more convenient for Muscovites to get to Lake Ladoga through St. Petersburg. You can choose the most suitable mode of transportation.

By train:

From St. Petersburg to the Ladoga Lake station, electric trains run from Finland Station (8 flights are made in summer). The trip will take 1 hour 20 minutes. Electric trains depart from the Baltic Station to the same station.

By car:

• Route 1: we leave St. Petersburg along M-18 Kola and keep the direction to A120, drive along A 120 to A-128.
• Route 2: we leave St. Petersburg along the Ryabovsky highway, then continue along Borisov Griv until the turn near the village. Vaganova we leave on A-128.

Minibuses from the Dybenko metro station regularly leave for Lake Ladoga.

By train:

From St. Petersburg to the northern regions of Lake Ladoga can be reached from the Ladozhsky railway station by direct trains. Destinations: Sortavala or Ilya Uuksu.

Photo of Lake Ladoga

The blue surface of the lake stretching far beyond the horizon... Fanciful boulders guarding the approaches to the forest... A scattering of picturesque islands overgrown with forest... The walls of an ancient monastery approaching the very water... Winding bays shrouded in mist of fog. All this is majestic and unique Ladoga.

Lake Ladoga is the largest freshwater lake in Europe, located in the Leningrad Region and Karelia. The length from north to south is 219 km, the maximum width is 138 km, the depth is from 70 to 260 m in the northern part and from 20 to 70 m in the southern part of the lake. In the northern part of the lake, depths of more than 100 m prevail. The greatest depth is 260 m. Through the Svir River, Lake Ladoga connects with Onega, and through the Volkhov River - with Lake Ilmen. The Neva River is the only one that flows from Lake Ladoga. 32 rivers flow into it. The higher and steeper the shores of the lake, the greater the depths near them. The northern coast is considered the deepest, where great depths are located directly at the skerries. On the shores of Lake Ladoga are the Karelian cities of Sortavala, Pitkyaranta and Lahdenpokhya.

In the ancient Russian chronicles, the current Lake Ladoga is referred to as the “Great Lake Nevo” - from the Finnish word nevo, which means “sea”. In the ancient Scandinavian sagas, the lake was called Aldoga - from the Finnish aalto, which means "wave". The name Ladoga Lake came into use from the beginning of the 18th century.

The water reserve in Ladoga is 908 cubic kilometers. This value changes periodically. In the old days, the low water level in Ladoga was often explained by the influence of supernatural forces. According to legend, the water level on Ladoga has been growing for 7 years and falling for 7 years.

The nature of Ladoga is quite severe, and the waves that arise at the depths and on the surface, for all their seeming harmlessness, are very dangerous. So navigation on Ladoga is a very difficult task. A relatively calm area of ​​Ladoga is the southern bays, where a wave of 2.5 meters occurs only with very strong winds. The quietest month on Ladoga is July. At this time, the lake is mostly calm.

Trout, salmon, char, whitefish, vendace, pike perch, pike, perch, burbot, bream, roach, smelt, blue bream, silver bream live in Lake Ladoga. There are river lamprey, stream lamprey, sterlet, Baltic sturgeon. There are 53 all types and varieties of fish in Ladoga. Ladoga salmon reaches a weight of 10 kg. It lives mainly in the northern, deeper part of Ladoga, spawning in the rivers Svir, Burnaya, Vidlitsa. There is also a palia in the northern part. Whitefish, smelt, perch, roach, pike perch, vendace, bream, pike, salmon, trout, and ruff are of commercial importance. The most commercial fish on Ladoga is pike perch. It lives mainly in the southern, shallower part of the lake. Reaches 8 kg of weight.

On Ladoga, there is the only representative of marine mammals that lives in a freshwater lake - Ladoga seal. It is listed in the Red Book of Russia. The average life expectancy of the Ladoga seal is 30–35 years. In February-March, seals give birth to 4-kilogram cubs - one for each female. They dig "maternity home" in snow hummocks on ice. When Ladoga is ice-free, animals come out to rest on land and bask in the sun on the coast of the islands of the Valaam archipelago (the islands of Naked, Holy, Black, Big Bayonnoy, Pine, East Pine, Lembos, Extreme, Cross, Lisy). I must say that these islands belong to a specially protected area - the Valaam Archipelago Natural Park. So to visit them you need to get permission.

A waterway "from the Varangians to the Greeks" passed through Lake Ladoga from the 9th century.

During the Great Patriotic War in 1941-1944, most of the coast of Lake Ladoga was occupied by German-Finnish troops. From September 1941 to March 1943, the Road of Life passed along the southwestern part of the lake, connecting besieged Leningrad with the "mainland". Along the Road of Life, the necessary products and things were delivered to the city and people were evacuated.

Since 2002, the participants of the project "Secrets of Sunken Ships" have been compiling a register of sunken ships and aircraft in Lake Ladoga and the Gulf of Finland. Many sunken objects are quite well preserved at the bottom of the lake due to the cold fresh water.

There are a lot of islands on Ladoga - 500, large and small. And almost all of them are located in the north of the lake. The biggest - Valaam Islands or Valaam archipelago, with steep slopes descending into the water. There is the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Valaam Monastery. At one time, it was his monks that the Russian Orthodox Church sent to spread the Christian faith among the peoples of Alaska. Other large islands are Konevets, Vossinansaari, Heinäsensaari, Mantinsaari, Lunkulansaari. The nature of the islands is incredibly beautiful. Small islands are separated from each other by the famous Ladoga skerries - small straits.

On the Konevets island situated Konevsky Nativity-Bogorodichny Monastery. The name of the island comes from a boulder weighing more than 750 tons located here - the so-called Horse-stone, which until the end of the 14th century was a place of pagan sacrifices. The monastery was founded in 1393 by the Monk Arseny. Here stands a temple in the name of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin of the first half of the 19th century. The relics of the Monk Arseny Konevsky are buried in it.

On the Karelian coast of Ladoga there is a city Priozersk. There was a Karelian settlement on this site as early as the 12th century. In 1310, the Novgorodians built the Korela fortress at the mouth of the Vuoksa River. In 1580, the Swedes took it and renamed it Kexholm. However, in 1710 the fortress passed into the possession of Russia. In the city there is the Korela fortress with the Round Tower built in 1364, a low defensive wall and earth ramparts, old and new arsenals, fortress gates. There is also the Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin, the Church of All Saints, a Lutheran church of 1930.

City Novaya Ladoga It was founded in 1704 by Emperor Peter I and is located on the left bank of the Volkhov River, at its confluence with Lake Ladoga. In the city there are the Nikolo-Medvedsky Monastery, the building of the Gostiny Dvor of 1841, the barracks of the former Suzdal regiment (XVIII century), the monument to A.V. Suvorov, the Staraya Ladoga Canal (the first half of the XVIII century).

Famous Shlisselburg, known since Peter's time as Oreshek, is located on the left bank at the head of the Neva River near Lake Ladoga. The city was founded by Prince Yuri Danilovich of Novgorod in 1323, who laid a wooden fortress on Oreshek Island. In 1613, the fortress captured by the Swedes was renamed Noteburg. In 1702, it was conquered from the Swedes by Peter I, who gave the city its current name. Among the sights of the city are the Oreshek fortress, the monument to Peter I by the architect M.M.Antokolsky, the Staraya Ladoga Canal, the Annunciation Cathedral, St. Nicholas Church.

Near the Osinovets lighthouse there is the Road of Life Museum, dedicated to the route along which food was brought into the city during the siege of Leningrad, and people were taken out from there.

The complex of memorial structures in "Green Belt of Glory of Leningrad" on the borders of the Leningrad battle of 1941-1944 on the route of the Road of Life, which connected Leningrad with the country. The complex includes 7 monuments, 46 memorial pillars along the highway and 56 pillars along the railway. Among them: the Flower of Life memorial complex at 3 km of the Road of Life, a steam locomotive monument at the Ladoga Lake railway station, the Broken Ring memorial complex at 40 km of the Road of Life highway, etc.

Important

The rocky terrain and deep water require increased attention and caution, as well as swimming skills. When traveling along Ladoga, it is better to wear life jackets. Here, as in all of Karelia (except for high water), there are blood-sucking. Therefore, open clothing can cause a lot of trouble. Be sure to examine yourself after the tour for ticks. Anti-mosquito and anti-tick agents may help. Vipers live here, so you need to carefully look under your feet. Windproof clothing will come in handy. Shoes must be waterproof.

In addition, any independent tourist group arriving in Karelia for the purpose of active recreation must register and receive safety instructions at the Karelian Republican Water Rescue Service, which is located in Petrozavodsk on Onega Flotilla Street, house 43-A. The phone number of this service: (814-2) 73-35-16.

Registration can also be carried out in the administrations of the regions of Karelia, as well as in the search and rescue teams of the rescue service, which are located in Kondopoga - (814-51) 5-10-85, Medvezhyegorsk - (814-34) 2-13-01, Kemi - (814-58) 5-68-90 and Sortavale - (814-30) 2-29-13. During the movement along the chosen route, the head of the group must contact the rescuers by phone at least once a day and report on his whereabouts. The Unified Rescue Service can be contacted by phone 01 or cell 112-1.

On the island of Heinäsenmaa, after the end of World War II, experiments were carried out with military radioactive substances, the storage of which was a captured destroyer. Until 1996, similar experiments were carried out on the island of Konevets. As a result, some islands were exposed to radioactive contamination, the permissible concentration of heavy metals in the water was exceeded. The situation is not improved by large industrial enterprises located on the banks of Ladoga and often do not have treatment facilities.

Local Features

Excursions around Ladoga or Ladoga can be ordered in any more or less large city located on the lake. A good rest, fishing and hunting are offered by the recreation center "13th Cordon", named after the popular film "Peculiarities of the National Hunt". There are also water, hiking and cycling routes.

The climate here is mild, quite humid, closer to the sea. Winter is cool, but without severe frosts. Summer is not hot at all. The average temperature in January is -12°, in July +15°. Ice binds Ladoga usually from the end of October to the beginning of May, while the central part of the lake is covered with ice only in severe winters. Due to the long and strong winter cooling, the water in the lake remains very cold even in summer, warming up only in the upper layer and near the coast. The quietest month on Ladoga is July. At this time, the lake is mostly calm. You can come to Ladoga at any time of the year, depending on the purpose of the trip.

Events and holidays

For more than 10 years, the Ladoga trophy-raid SUV race has been held annually around Lake Ladoga. This international sports and tourism event starts and finishes in St. Petersburg. The length of the raid is about 1200 kilometers

Lake Ladoga is located in the Republic of Karelia and the Leningrad Region of the Russian Federation. It is considered one of the largest freshwater lakes in Europe. Its area is about 18 thousand square meters. kilometers. The bottom is uneven: in one place the depth can be 20 meters, and in another - 70 meters, but the maximum is 230 meters. 35 rivers flow into this water area, and only the Neva flows out. Ladoga is divided into North and South, East and West.

Formation of the water area

Scientists say that Lake Ladoga is of glacial-tectonic origin. At the site of its basin, about 300-400 million years ago, there was a sea. The change in relief was influenced by glaciers, which led to the rise of the land. When the glacier began to recede, a glacial lake with fresh water appeared, Antsyl Lake appeared, which connected with Ladoga. New tectonic processes take place 8.5 thousand years ago, due to which the Karelian Isthmus was formed, and the lake became isolated. Over the past 2.5 thousand years, the relief has not changed.
In the Middle Ages in Russia, the lake was called "Nevo", and in Scandinavia - "Aldoga". However, its real name comes from Ladoga (city). Now this is not only the name of the city, but the river and the lake. It is difficult to determine which object was first named Ladoga.

Climatic features

In the area of ​​Lake Ladoga, a temperate and transitional climate type has formed: from continental to maritime. It depends on the circulation of air masses and on the location. The amount of solar radiation here is small, so moisture evaporates slowly. The average number of days in a year is 62. The weather is mostly overcast and cloudy. The duration of daylight hours at different times of the year varies from 5 hours 51 minutes. until 18 h 50 min. From the end of May to the middle of July there are "white nights" when the sun sets below the horizon by about 9o, and the evening smoothly turns into morning.

The water resources of the lake are the main climate-forming factor in the Ladoga region. The water area contributes to the smoothing of some climatic indicators. So the air masses from the continent, passing over the surface of the lake, become sea. The minimum temperature of the atmosphere drops to -8.8 degrees Celsius, and the maximum rises to +16.3 degrees, the average is +3.2 degrees. The average annual rainfall is 475 millimeters.

Recreational riches

Despite the fact that even in summer the water in the lake is very cold, a large number of people come here on vacation every year, so there are beaches for tourists. Many vacationers ride catamarans and kayaks.

There are 660 islands on the lake, and they are mainly concentrated in the northern part of the reservoir. Among the largest are the Western and Valaam archipelagos, and the largest islands are Riekkalansari, Valaam, Mantsinsaari, Tulolansari, Kilpola. Monasteries were built on some islands (Konevei, Valaam), where the relics of saints rest and sacred relics are located. There is also a memorial "Road of Life".

On the territory of the Ladoga basin, the Nizhnevirsky Reserve is located, where various species of fauna, including rare ones, live. Here grow such types of flora.