Shihany Mountains on the map. Bashkir mountains Shikhans Shikhans Bashkiria

Some alternative researchers are looking for traces of ancient highly developed civilizations in places where historical monuments have been preserved: the Middle East, South America. And they declare with 100% confidence that there are no such traces on Russian territory. But many do not agree with this opinion. Maybe we're not paying attention to that? Yes, we don’t have megalithic polygonal masonry. After all, if our territory suffered much more during a cataclysm (and maybe more than one) than Europe and the near-Mediterranean territories, then polygonal masonry (or traces thereof) may not be found under the clay soon, if at all. But we can also search differently, turning our gaze differently to those objects that we consider natural. After all, in 30-50 years, many wastes (dumps) of modern mining and processing industries will no longer be distinguishable from natural ones. They will become overgrown and we will only have to guess about their artificiality based on indirect signs and historical references. So, let's see.

Shikhan Yuraktayu, Bashkiria

evgen9 left a comment:
Near the village of Urman-Bishkadak, Ishimbay district in Bashkortostan, there is Mount Toratau, the locals call it Shikhan. I even climbed this mountain a couple of times. But only this year, I learned that there is a deep lake next to the mountain, after one local entrepreneur improved it for recreation. When I found out about the lake, and even 15 meters deep, I immediately thought about the artificial origin of the mountain, especially since the gentle slope is located on the side of the lake.

And this is what I managed to find through Google Planet Earth:

Link to the map
In the floodplain of the Belaya River near the city of Sterlitamak there is such a hill (shihan).

Yuraktau Hill. Sterlitamak district, Rep. Bashkortostan

Hill and hill, only without covering with sedimentary products of erosion or clay and without vegetation, i.e. geologically it is a very young formation.

Although on the other side there is vegetation

But the hill stands out very much against the background of the flat landscape. Moreover, it is strange that it is located in the floodplain of the river

Yuraktayu is laid with lime masses

A little further downstream is the next shihan - Kushtau:

Are in direct line of sight

Side view

And here is the modern production in this territory, the settling tanks of Soda OJSC (now Bashkir Soda Company OJSC), producing more than 20 types of chemical products and household chemicals, including: soda ash, purified sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), soot white, calcium chloride, lime, series of washing powders:

In 1936, geologists discovered that the Sterlitamak Shikhany Mountains had huge reserves of limestone - the raw material for the production of cement and soda. At the same time, during exploration of oil fields in the area of ​​the modern city of Ishimbaya, large deposits of rock salt were discovered - the second most important component of the chemical production of soda.
The site for the construction of the Sterlitamak soda plant was chosen in 1939.
In 1941, construction of a soda plant began. Evacuated equipment from Ukraine from the Slavyansk and Donetsk soda factories began to arrive here. In March 1945, the first batch of caustic soda was received.

OJSC Soda mines limestone at the Shakhtau Mountain deposit (also belongs to the Shikhany ridge), 90% of the initial reserves of which have already been developed. According to the company's forecasts, reserves will be completely depleted in 2017. The company has already completed geological exploration of the Tratau and Yuraktau mountains.
OJSC Soda asked the government of the Republic to allow the extraction of limestone from these mountains. But since this territory has the status of a natural monument, the Bashkir authorities are forced to refuse the company.

Mount Shakhtau has been completely mined out. But for some reason they don’t drip into the depths. Is there no lime below? It’s strange, because according to geology in the ancient past, this place was the Tethys Sea. And modern Shihans were islands in this sea. This means there should be lime below. But apparently she isn't.

Let's go further south:

Shikhan Toratau and a deep lake to the north. Link to the map

View from a distance. Height 406m

Hill rock

Absolutely flat landscape (view from the shihan)

This video contains views of Toratau from above

So what am I showing all this about again?

Fluxes (fluxes) in metallurgy are inorganic substances that are added to ore during smelting of non-metals in order to reduce its melting point and facilitate the separation of metal from waste rock.
Fluxes, or fluxes, are impurities added during the smelting of metals in order to form slag of the proper degree of fusibility. However, often fluxes also refer to impurities added with the purpose of decomposing one or another metal compound or dissolving the metal or its compounds in the mass of the added substance, etc. (see slag and charge). The choice of flux depends on the type of smelting and the composition of the ores. For example, if the ore is rich in alumina and silica, the flux should be calcareous (containing lime) or magnesia (containing magnesia) - this is the case in 9 out of 10 all iron smelters. Pure limestone consists of 56% lime and 44% carbonic acid. To introduce 100 parts of lime into the mixture, 178.6 parts of limestone are required. Of course, you can add lime directly to the stove, but this is done relatively rarely. Limestones that contain fossils sometimes contain a lot of phosphorus, which is often undesirable. Therefore, preliminary analysis of limestones is essential. The best are marble-like, crystalline limestones; chalk is rarely used. Dolomite, containing on average 60% calcium carbonate and 40% magnesium carbonate, also finds use in smelting - it produces slag that is more fusible than pure limestone. In blast furnace production, the main purpose of using fluxes is to bind iron ore with silica. Naturally, the less limestone itself contains silica, the better.

When finishing smelting in open-hearth furnaces, lime can be used in pieces up to 150 mm in size. When smelting steel in converters, it is recommended to use lime in pieces 10–50 mm in size, which ensures fairly complete dissolution of it in the slag and reduces carryover during blowing.

Those. a certain fraction of limestone is used. I will add that Sterlitamak is located almost 50 km from the western ranges of the Ural Mountains. And to the east of the mountains is Magnitogorsk. It’s clear what I’m getting at – to the places of iron mining and smelting. Without lime, as is already clear, this smelting process on an industrial scale is impossible.

I spent a long time going through the photographs, I wanted to write about something like that... I looked at Galya’s photographs... I thought about summer, about vacation... I stopped, in my opinion, at a very unusual place... for some reason I think that not many people even know about it. I want to tell you about the Shikhans... Specifically, about the Bashkir Shikhans.

By definition, “shikhan” is a separate hill, well defined in the relief, with regular slopes and a visible peak. The Bashkir Shihans are located near the city of Sterlitamak, at the site of the reef barrier of the ancient Perm Sea.
From Moscow to Shikhanov 1500 kilometers. You need to go to Ufa, then turn to Orenburg, then, after Sterlitamak, turn to Ishimbay and go towards the P316 highway.

There are only 4 Shikhanovs near Sterlitamak: Shakhtau, Tratau, Kushtau (Dolgiy) and Yuraktau. Since the Sterlitamak shihans are part of the coral reefs, islands of the ancient Perm Sea, which was here many millions of years ago, these hills are nothing more than the remains of ancient mollusks that lived in this sea in ancient times. The limestone that Shikhany is made of is biogenic and of high purity. When climbing Shihan, you can see fossils of corals or mollusks. Scientists call Shikhany a coral trail.

The visit to Shikhanov was part of a big trip "Moscow - Kazan - Naberezhnye Chelny - Izhevsk - Tchaikovsky - Votkinsk - Perm - Kungur - Yekaterinburg - Chelyabinsk", then we had a short trip around the Chelyabinsk region: "Korkino - Karabash - Miass - Zlatoust - Kusa - Magnitogorsk". And from there we drove towards home, but with a stop at Shikhany. By this time we were already pretty tired and were driving without knowing where, just according to the coordinates I found on the Internet. We passed Ishimbay, it seems like the mountains should be noticeable in the steppe, but we are driving, there is a haze and there is nothing...

I feel uneasy, so I think: “It’s a waste of time to drive an extra five hundred kilometers...”, and suddenly, in the haze, the unclear outline of the mountain is clearly visible.

A huge surprise, despite the fact that we were waiting... the steppe and the mountain... The first Shikhan was Taratau. Really smooth, almost cone-shaped...

We stopped, got out of the car... I have never heard or seen such herbs and smells anywhere...

The aromas just overwhelmed me... Reluctantly we got into the car and decided to drive around it, I thought: maybe there is a road to it. There was no road, but the slope turned out to be not so small upon closer inspection.

We climbed on foot as far as we could; in the heat above 40 degrees, this is not easy to do. Please do not repeat this nonsense for us in summer shoes. A huge number of snakes. We saw a lake near Shikhan. We were surprised by the large number of descriptions. It turned out to be a unique karst lake called Tugarsalgan. With its small dimensions of 200 meters by 300 meters, its maximum depth is 27!!! meters.

We decided to go to the second shihan... Yuraktau.. an extraordinary shihan, even more clearly defined, cone-shaped with outcrops of limestone rocks on the surface, from a distance it looks like a snow-capped peak.

Shikhan Shakhtau no longer exists. The Sterlitamak enterprise "Soda" developed the shikhan to the quarry.

Lake Arakul is located in the north of the Chelyabinsk region. Translated from Bashkir it means “intermediate lake” or “lake between the mountains”.

Lake Arakul

Length Lake Arakul– about 3 kilometers, width – 2 kilometers. The average depth is 5.3 meters, and the maximum is 12 meters. The greatest depths are in the eastern and southeastern parts of the lake. The height of the lake above sea level is about 300 meters. The lake is a hydrological natural monument.

Rivers flow into it Kaganka And Olkhovka and a river flows out Arakulka. Through this river Lake Arakul associated with Kasli lake system. There are many springs in the lake, so the water in it is cold and warms up slowly in the summer. Water transparency reaches 6 meters. The bottom of the lake is sandy and rocky, and closer to the center it becomes muddy.

Fishing

The lake is home to a dozen species of fish: roach, perch, pike, ruffe, tench, bream, burbot, crucian carp, as well as whitefish, peled, muksun. There are also crayfish. By the way, in 1912 Lake Arakul The first fish farming station in the Southern Urals opened. It was organized by . Fish is still bred here today.

Arakulsky Shikhan

A few kilometers from the lake there is a picturesque rock massif - Arakulsky Shikhan(or just Shihan). The length of the stone ridge, composed of granites, is more than two kilometers. The height of the steep cliffs reaches 60 meters, and the width of the ridge is up to 40-50 meters. Shihan looks like Chinese wall or an impregnable fortress. Climbers love to hold competitions and training here.

From the top of the cliff in good weather you can see about a dozen lakes. But the most beautiful view is located at the foot of the mountain Lake Arakul.

Archaeologists have found several sites of ancient people near the rocks (Bronze Age and Early Iron Age). Pay attention to the indentations found here and there on the rocks. According to one version, our distant ancestors performed sacrifice rituals and lit ritual fires in these stone bowls. The diameter of the stone bowls is about two meters, and the depth reaches one meter.

In total, archaeologists discovered 13 archaeological sites in the vicinity of Arakul. The age of the finds varies from the Chalcolithic to the second half of the 19th century.

A hike to the Arakul Shikhan and Lake Arakul is a good weekend route. There are many other interesting attractions in the surrounding area.

Mysterious places in Russia Shnurovozova Tatyana Vladimirovna

Shikhan-gora (Mountain Shaman's Oath, Samara region)

Shikhan Mountain

(Mountain Shaman's Oath, Samara region)

In the northeast of the Samara region, near the village of Bolshaya Yoga, there is a lonely and mysterious Mount Shikhan, about which numerous legends and tales still live among the people.

In appearance, the mountain looks like a huge hemispherical vault made of huge stones. Perhaps it arose during the glaciation era, when the glacier, moving south, brought with it several tons of stone blocks, and after the ice melted, the stones piled up into a mountain. However, scientists doubt that the glacier reached these latitudes.

According to another version, this stone mountain was created not by nature, but by human hands for ritual purposes and is made of wild stone. At the same time, local residents are convinced that the mountain is hollow inside, and if you hit it with a crowbar, a booming sound will be heard, like from a barrel, since inside the mountain consists of numerous caves in which snake people once lived, which is why the sound that it makes when a mountain hits it, they call it a snake hiss. Coming from nowhere, the snake people built themselves a separate huge snake house out of stones in the form of a mountain, but they quickly got bored with life on the mountain, and they made their way inside the mountain, and sealed all the exits to the outside. To protect the common house at the very top of the mountain, they settled their watchman, a huge shaitan, who lived in one of the lakes at the top of the mountain.

His appearance, according to local beliefs, was frightening: in his outline he resembled a man, but his head consisted of fire, and fiery tails were visible behind his body. However, for unknown reasons, the spirit of the mountain left its black lake and flew away, leaving the caves sealed. Later, according to local residents, an evil sorcerer began to live in these caves, followed by robbers.

After the founding of the village of Yoga near the mountain and the arrival of Christian beliefs in the Samara lands, the mountain, covered with dense forest, with springs flowing at the top flowing into a clear lake, became a local shrine; People came to the top of her head to pray in solitude, since the top of the mountain had mystical, wonderful, soul-pacifying properties. The springs were consecrated and named Bogoroditsky springs in honor of the Mother of God.

The word "shihany" translated from the Tatar language means "tent-shaped hill", or a single hill standing in the middle of the steppe. Almost every steppe region has its own shihan mountains - from the Urals to the Saratov region and Kazakhstan.

On major Christian holidays, religious processions were held on the mountain. And during a severe drought, a prayer service was held for rain, for which all the villagers and priests walked around the fields with icons, and then with bread and salt they went up to the Virgin Mary springs, lowered a tray with gifts onto a special prayer stone and served a prayer service for the granting of rain. The ritual procession ended under the mountain, where the second prayer service was read.

The consecrated lake was cleared of mud and plants every year, thanks to which the water in it remained clean and was considered healing.

However, after the October Revolution with the advent of atheism, the path to the mountain began to gradually become overgrown; only old people and pilgrims went to the prayer stone, and since the 1970s. the path to the top of the mountain was practically forgotten. The lake was covered with vegetation, frogs appeared in the water, and gradually the clear reservoir began to turn into a swamp. Later, wild boars that had escaped from the Orenburg forests settled on the mountain, and it was finally identified by local residents as an unkind and life-threatening place, the path to which was better to forget.

Since the mid-1980s. A strange mountain with many legends dedicated to it interested scientists, and they decided to check the anomaly of Shikhan Mountain. Arriving at the desired coordinates, they actually saw a forest-covered mountain made of huge stones. At the same time, many of them seemed to have melted, which suggested that the mountain attracts lightning during summer thunderstorms. This may have been caused by the presence of metal inside the caves or other unknown factors. After examining the mountain, the researchers noticed numerous narrow and deep tunnels through which air circulated, which suggested the presence of voids and caves inside the mountain. It was not possible to fully explore the mountain: most of the peak turned out to be swampy, and the forests were inhabited not only by herds of wild boars, but also by encephalitis ticks.

At the same time, not only the mountain was anomalous, the weather also behaved quite strangely: as soon as the researchers approached the mountain, the sunny and seemingly cloudless weather quickly gave way to cold, pouring rain. It can be assumed that this was an accident if the weather change had not occurred again - during the next attempt to climb to the top of the mountain and explore it.

Scientists had to retreat, since then no new research has been undertaken on this mountain, local residents do not go to the mountain, and no hiking trails have been laid there.

Shikhan Mountain continues to keep its secrets about the voids inside it and the secret of attracting huge amounts of lightning.